the carob moth, ectomyelois ceratoniae zeller (lep.: pyralidae) is the most important pest of pomegranate orchards in iran. this current research was carried out to study the biology of venturia canescens gravenhorst (hym.: ichneumonidae) as one of its larval parasitoids. laboratory studies were conducted on the immature developmental time, adult longevity, functional response, parasite progeny...

Sex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under complementary sex determination (CSD), when individuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands ...

Endoparasitic wasps are able to develop inside permissive host insects due to their ability to overcome or evade the host's immune system. In the present study, we provide experimental evidence that ovarian calyx fluid of the ichneumonid endoparasitoid Venturia canescens has the potential to alter host haemocyte spreading and inhibit host haemolymph melanisation due to the presence of a putativ...

The fungal genus Venturia Sacc. (anamorph Fusicladium Bonord.) includes plant pathogens that cause substantial economic damage to fruit crops worldwide. Although Venturia inaequalis is considered a model species in plant pathology, other Venturia spp. also cause scab on other fruit trees. Relative to the substantial research that has been conducted on V. inaequalis and apple scab, little resear...

1. Cyclic dynamics of various periods are pervasive in many insect populations where interactions with natural enemies are known to be important. How stage-structured processes within the host population, such as competition and cannibalism, affect these interactions has received little attention so far. 2. Using the well-studied laboratory host–parasitoid system of Plodia interpunctella and Ve...