We show that the gravitino-overproduction problem is prevalent among inflation models in supergravity. An inflaton field φ generically acquires (effective) nonvanishing auxiliary field G Φ , if the Kähler potential is non-minimal. The inflaton field then decays into a pair of the gravitinos. We extensively study the cosmological constraints on G Φ for a wide range of the gravitino mass. For man...

Background & aim: Attitude is taken into account as the most important determinant of behavior. However, the present knowledge considering opinions of the youths on the verge of marriage is not sufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the attitudes towards childbearing in women and men on the verge of marriage attending health centers in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectiona...

Spurred on by the eager adoption of XML, the world appears to be on the verge of a revolution in the ease with which information resources from diverse, remote providers can be brought together into new assemblies, expressing new concepts. To benefit from this revolution we will need frameworks that help providers to organise their information and enable access to it, and tools that will help w...

A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed as having advanced gastric cancer with malignant ascites. Despite chemotherapy, recurrent peritoneal dissemination was seen 1.5 years after operation. A computed tomography scan revealed rectal stenosis due to Schnitzler's metastasis. When the distance from the distal end of the obstruction to the anal verge is less than 5 cm, stent replacement has been said to...

Global importance of the health condition today: today, polio is on the verge of being erased from the globe. as recently as 988, 25 countries were endemic for polio, with an estimated 350,000 cases. through the first half of 2006, just four countries were reported endemic for polio, and fewer than 700 cases were reported worldwide. this dramatic reduction is the result of massive oral polio va...

We suggest the possibility of observing and studying bright vortex solitons in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates in three dimensions with a radial trap. Such systems lie on the verge of critical stability and we discuss the conditions of their stability. We study the interaction between two such solitons. Unlike the text-book solitons in one dimension, the interaction between two radially tr...