A permutation is an arrangement of a finite number of distinct elements of a linear order, for example, e, π, 0, √ 2 and 3412. Two permutations are order isomorphic if the have the same relative ordering. We say a permutation τ contains or involves a permutation β if deleting some of the entries of π gives a permutation that is order isomorphic to β, and we write β ≤ τ . For example, 534162 (wh...

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities and synergistic effects of ethanol extracts obtained from above-ground, root, seed coat Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medic. Antimicrobial activity performed against 7 bacterial 3 fungal standard strains by microdilution method minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) were determined. The crystal violet applied preven...

Examination of the bulbs of Lilium pumilum (Liliaceae) led to the isolation of four novel steroidal glycosides (1-4) with a 2,3,4-trisubstituted β-d-glucopyranosyl unit. In 1 and 3, the α-L-arabinopyranosyl moiety is linked to C-3 of the inner trisubstituted β-D-glucopyranosyl group and is present as an usual ⁴C₁ conformation. In contrast, in 2 and 4, the α-L-arabinopyranosyl moiety, which is a...