Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is an ancient human virus that was first identified almost 35 years ago. It has several characteristics that make it unique among the Picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis, and which likely contribute to its pathobiology. Although efficacious vaccines cont...

NL Biotechnologies is a biotech R&D company that specializes in viral Hepatitis B, C, and E vaccine development. The proprietary recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine technology has been commercialized in 2002 by Instituto Butantan (Brazil) and in 2004 by Probiomed S.A. de C.V. (Mexico). The overall sales exceed 200 million doses. Since 2001, NL Biotechnologies in collaboration with CDC (US, Atlanta)...

conclusions the palestinian and israeli official policies to give a booster dose for risk groups like medical students at anti-hbs level below 10 miu/ml should continue to ensure absolute protection. the currently-used vaccine and its time program cleared virus from students believed to have been exposed to the virus during their lifetime. background hepatitis b infection is a global public hea...

Vaccines routinely recommended for HIV-infected adults include those for influenza, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, pneumococcal infection, and tetanus. Responses to vaccination may be affected by CD4+ cell count and viral load. A number of live vaccines are contraindicated in the HIV-infected population. This article summarizes a presentation on immunization in HIV-infected adults made b...

background viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. almost all cases of acute viral hepatitis are caused by one of five viral agents: hav, hbv, hcv, hdv and hev. the present study aimed to find out the frequency of various forms of viral hepatitis (hav, hbv, and hcv), route of transmission, the history of vaccination against hepatitis b, and clinical findings i...

Drug use is a prevalent world-wide phenomenon and hepatitis virus infections are traditionally a major health problem among drug users (DUs). HBV and HCV, and to a lesser extent HAV, are easily transmitted through exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Viral hepatitis is not inevitable for DUs. Licensed vaccines are available for hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The purpose of this overview is...

Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. The course of most viral hepatitis infections (e.g., hepatitis A, B, C and D) is unaffected by pregnancy, however, a more severe course of viral hepatitis in pregnancy has been observed in patients with hepatitis E. Notwithstanding, opinions differ over the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy associated with viral hepa...

This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases viral or bacterial origin. Despite introduction antibiotics and vaccines, plasma immunoglobulin from whole blood donation can still play a key role. These treatments provide passive transfer high-titer antibodies that either reduces risk severity infection offer immediate but short-term protectio...

Edible vaccines offer exciting possibilities for significantly reducing the burden of diseases like hepatitis and diarrhoea, particularly in developing world where storing and administering vaccines are the major problems. Edible vaccines are prepared by molecular farming using the science of genetic engineering. Selected genes are introduced into the plants. The transgenic plant is then induce...