In the current collaborative and extended-enterprise environment, product definition must be exchanged between original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and other partners who contribute to the evolution of product definition. In many cases, an information package, which is associated with other objects in the DMU, must thus be extracted from the OEM’s Digital Mock -up (DMU) and be sent to partner...

Z. Naturforsch. 55 b, 386-388 (2000); received February 10, 2000 Photochemistry, Copper(I), Uracil, Luminescence 1,3-Dimethyluracil (DMU) forms a complex with copper(I) iodide which shows a green luminescence at Amax = 505 nm. With PF6~ counter ions a photoactive Cu(I)DMU complex is generated which shows a long-wavelength absorption at Amax = 335 nm. Light absorption by this band leads to a dim...

The paper introduces stochastic DEA with a Perfect Object (SDEA PO). The Perfect Object (PO) is a virtual Decision Making Unit (DMU) that has the smallest inputs and greatest outputs. Including the PO in a collection of actual objects yields an explicit formula of the efficiency index. Given the distributions of DEA inputs and outputs, this formula allows us to derive the probability distributi...

DEA models treat the DMU as a “black box.” Inputs enter and outputs exit, with no consideration of the intervening steps. Consequently, it is di(cult, if not impossible, to provide individual DMU managers with speci;c information regarding the sources of ine(ciency within their DMUs. We show how to use DEA to look inside the DMU, allowing greater insight as to the sources of organizational ine(...

One of the existing DEAmethods’ limitations noted in the literature lies in the process of benchmarking of reference targets for inefficient DMUs. Difficulties arising in this process can be summarized to three aspects. First, the reference target might be a hypothetical DMU that does not actually exist (it is difficult and indeed unrealistic to learn from such a DMU). Second, the reference set...

The influence of the amphiphile 1,3-dimethylurea (1,3-DMU) on the dynamic properties of water was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The experiment provided evidence for substantial retardation of water reorientation in the hydration shell of 1,3-DMU, leading to a separate slow-water relaxation in addition to contributions from bulk-like and fast water as well as from the solute....

in many applications, ranking of decision making units (dmus) is a problematic technical task procedure to decision makers in data envelopment analysis (dea), especially when there are extremely efficient dmus. in such cases, many dea models may usually get the same efficiency score for different dmus. hence, there is a growing interest in ranking techniques yet. the purpose of this paper is ra...

This paper introduces two virtual Decision Making Units (DMUs) called ideal point and anti-ideal point, Then calculates distances of each DMU to the ideal and anti-ideal point. The two distinctive distances are combined to form a comprehensive index called the relative closeness (RC) just like the TOPSIS approach. The RC index is used as an overall ranking for all the DMUs. Then, this method co...