Background: In the legal world, a person is not only referred to as a human being. In fact, in the world of law, a person has a more general concept that includes both human and non-human. The aim of this study was to compare real and legal personality with virtual personality from a moral perspective, as one of the important principles of Iranian law. In this regard, by understanding ethics an...

Abstract. In 2002, D. Hrencecin and L.H. Kauffman defined a filamentation invariant on oriented chord diagrams that may determine whether the corresponding flat virtual knot diagrams are non-trivial (see [2]). A virtual knot diagram is non-classical if its related flat virtual knot diagram is non-trivial. Hence filamentations can be used to detect non-classical virtual knots. We extend these fi...

in recent years, virtual communities have been significantly popular and almost all of them are targeted for business profitability. in our study, the profitability of these communities for businesses has been analyzed from a commercial perspective. the study considers virtual community as a business model which can have a great impact on consumer purchase decision process. with respect to refe...

This paper studies output feedback control of pure-feedback systems with immeasurable states and completely non-affine property. Since availability of all the states is usually impossible in the actual process, we assume that just the system output is measurable and the system states are not available. First, to estimate the immeasurable states a state observer is designed. Relatively fewer res...