virtual water trade is investigated in industrial, agricultural, social sectors for national and global scales. in this study, interbrain virtual water was evaluated in irrigation sector for the sefidroud basin to use in the allocation of water resources. in this regard, through investigating eight cropping pattern (s1- s8) in the riverbank of qezelozan river (provinces of east azarbaijan, zanj...

Fresh water scarcity has become a global problem which needs a serious attempt to find proper solutions for decreasing the pressure on the limited water resources. The exact estimation of crop virtual water would help with choosing crops with high crop and water productivity which lead to both food and water security. Thus, in this research, maize virtual water was estimated using HYDRUS2D base...

China has dramatically increased its virtual water import over recent years. Many studies have focused on the quantity of traded virtual water, but very few go into analysing geographic distribution and the properties of China’s virtual water trade network. This paper provides a calculation and analysis of the crop-related virtual water trade network of China based on 27 major primary crops bet...

Amid an increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world, virtual water trade as both a policy instrument and practical means to balance the local, national and global water budget has received much attention in recent years. Building upon the knowledge of virtual water accounting in the literature, this study assesses the efficiency of water use embodied in the international food trade fro...

classical soil mechanics involves the study of fully saturated soils. however, many problems encountered in geotechnical engineering practice involve unsaturated soil, in which behavior is significantly different from classical saturated soil. negative pore pressure and capillary forces develop a virtual cohesion between the grains of semi saturated soils. this kind of cohesion is dependent on ...