The early neurophysiology of binocular vision is largely dominated by measurements of disparity selectivity in cortical neurons in various visual areas. Incisive progress has been made by the intensive study of the mechanism of disparity selectivity of V1 in cortical neurons and the development of a number of tests for the involvement of single neurons in the perception of stereoscopic depth. T...

A recent study provides compelling evidence that binocular vision uses two separate channels; one channel adds the images from the two eyes, and the other subtracts them.

Uncorrected vision may present a significant barrier to educational mobility in poor communities in low and middle income countries. Focusing on the case of rural Northwest China, we analyze the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (2,000 children; 100 rural villages) and the Gansu Vision Intervention Project (a randomized trial; 19,185 students, 165 schools, two counties). Four main findings ...

The aim of this work is to predict mesopic detection contrast thresholds for spectral increments on a fixed uniform mesopic background. A compound contrast-type quantity C including achromatic and chromatic terms is defined. The detection threshold is characterized by C=1. From this criterion, a spectral non-additivity formula (NA) is derived for a mesopic luminance difference type quantity. Ac...

Color constancy depends on sensitivity to change in both illumination spectral properties and object position. We investigated this latter form of color constancy by asking a cerebral achromatopsic to name the colors of papers that were presented atop black, gray or white backgrounds under identical illumination. Comparison of color names across background conditions reveals poor constancy, cha...

It has become accepted that the horse cannot see directly in front when the nose is lowered and must therefore rely on the rider. We tested the hypothesis that this conclusion would be correct only if the horse did not adjust the eyeball horizontal axis to changes of the head position. The results of the present study suggest that it is unlikely that horses have limited vision in relation to th...

Computer vision systems are, on most counts, poor performers, when compared to their biological counterparts. The reason for this may be that computer vision is handicapped by an unreasonable assumption regarding what it means to see, which became prevalent as the notions of intrinsic images and of representation by reconstruction took over the field in the late 1970’s. Learning from biological...

In this review, we will discuss the recent literature on fish polarization vision and we will present a model on how the retina processes polarization signals. The model is based on a general retinal-processing scheme and will be compared with the available electrophysiological data on polarization processing in the retina. The results of this model will help illustrate the functional significa...

Broken ends, missing picks, oil stain and holes are the most common fabric defects. To deal with the situation that manual fabric detection will affected by the subjective factors of inspectors, an automatic computer vision based fabric defect detection method is introduced in this paper. The system uses threshold segmentation method to identify if there are any defects existed in the fabric, a...