The etiology of vocal cord paralysis is highly variable. Neurological, birth trauma, surgical procedure and idiopathic are notable causes. Clinical findings are different according to type of paralysis. Vocal cord paralysis can be seen unilateral or bilateral. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis are more severe clinical findings than according to unilateral paralysis. We report a 9-month child. He w...

introduction: the distance between the anterior commissure of the larynx and the first tracheal ring (ac.t. distance) is of great importance in laryngotracheal surgeries.  the amount of narrowing of the subglottic airway is used as a quantitative mean to determine whether the lesion is subglottic or has extended to the trachea and therefore helps in the prediction of the final prognosis.   mate...

Background: Succinylcholine is the most anesthetic drug used to muscle relaxation in emergency endotracheal intubation. Unfortunately it can have serious side effects. The perpose of our study was to comparison of Atracurium + Alfentanyl with succycholine. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, one hundred patient randomly designated two group succinylcholine (control group) & At...

We have developed a biomechanical vocal cord model for an anthropomorphic talking robot—the Waseda Talker Series. The model mimics the biomechanical structure of human vocal cords and is made of a soft rubber called Septon. It is able to reproduce vocal cord vibrations of the normal (modal) voice in a form similar to the human. We also developed a neural network based model for controlling the ...

Background: Tuberculosis of the larynx is a rare form of tuberculosis. Patients usually present with hoarseness or dysphagia and other nonspecific constitutional symptoms like fever or localized pain. In this study, we present a case of primary vocal cord lesion with tuberculosis. Case presentation: A 72 year old man presented with hoarseness of voice, low grade fever, and night sweating with i...

Bilateral vocal cord palsy is one of the causes that trigger nocturnal stridor and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and three cases of OSA due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis have been described in the medical literature. In 1987, Ruff et al.1 reported a case of bilateral vocal cord palsy and sleep apnea in a patient with type I Chiari malformation. In 1996, McBrien et al.2 reported a case of b...

Hoarseness and dysphonia are often a result of vocal cord polyps which in turn, are linked to vocal trauma. We report the case of vocal polyps in the setting of a 27-year old male with a history only remarkable for Tourette syndrome. We review the literature regarding etiology and pathophysiology of vocal cord lesions and propose vocal tics in Tourette syndrome as an under-recognized etiology. ...

Introduction: Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder with unknown etio-pathology. It manifests with multiple, grouped, red-brown to yellow papules and nodules involving the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs with a predilection for flexures and the face.  Case Report: We report a patient who presented with disseminated xanthomatous pa...