background: phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in polyethylene terephthalate (pet) products. several pharmaceutical products have been stored in pet containers, and due to serious health effects of phthalates, migration levels of them into pharmaceutical products must be determined. in the present study, leaching levels of four common phthalate esters including di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp...

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of different temperatures intravenous fluids on body. Study Design: Randomized Experiment. Setting: LRH Peshawar. Period: April 2022 January 2023. Material & Methods: 600 individuals were scheduled for abdominal surgery include them in study. Two groups made using sealed, opaque envelopes carrying randomly generated computer numbers....