background and objectives: safflower (carthamus tinctorious l.) florets contain valuable red and yellow pigments and are used in food, textile dying, and pharmaceutical industries. red carthamine pigment is formed from a yellow precursor, precarthamine, through an oxidation reaction at the end of flowers' maturation stage. the present study was conducted to find out the most effective procedure...

gas is not destroyed but only dissolved, and care must be taken not to spread the contamination by allowing the solvent to run. lThorough washing with soap and water will complete the treatment. 3. T7horough washing with soap and water.-If some time has elapsed after contamination, the washing treatment should still be carried out at the first opportunity with the hopes of mitigating the degree...

A predictive tool was developed to aid process design and rationally select optimal solvents for isolation of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The objective minimize the experimental work required a purification by (i) starting from selected crystallization solvent based on maximizing yield minimizing consumption (with constraint maintaining suspension density which allows crystal suspension)...

Abstract Industrial washing is essential in manufacturing and many other technological fields. Nowadays, steam the most common technique. However, it involves chemical solvents which are potentially noxious for environment difficult to be disposed of. Therefore, there a growing demand alternative techniques that would ensure low operating costs, extensive productivity, high efficiency, environm...

Washing is a key step in pharmaceutical isolation to remove the unwanted crystallization solvent (mother liquor) from active ingredient (API) filter cake. This study looks at strategies for optimal wash selection, which minimizes dissolution of API product crystals while preventing precipitation or impurities. Selection solvents avoid both these phenomena can be challenging but essential mainta...

Background and objectives: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) florets contain valuable red and yellow pigments and are used in food, textile dying, and pharmaceutical industries. Red carthamine pigment is formed from a yellow precursor, precarthamine, through an oxidation reaction at the end of flowers' maturation stage. The present study was conducted to find out the most effective ...

By an initial solvent screening of 18 solvents, 14 pure good solvents were selected for the crystallization of tolbutamide. Solid generation by the solvent-change method was carried out using the pure good solvents. Crystals were generated in only 10 of the 14 solvents. Different crystal forms of tolbutamide were obtained. Crystals were subjected to evaluation tests such as differential scannin...

Chitosan is an abundantly common, naturally occurring, polysaccharide biopolymer. Its biocompatible, biodegradable, and antimicrobial properties have led to significant research toward biological applications such as drug delivery, artificial tissue scaffolds for functional tissue engineering, and wound-healing dressings. For applications such as tissue scaffolding, formation of highly porous m...

Abstract Glycerol organosolv (GO) pretreatment has been revealed to be potent in selectively deconstructing the lignocellulosic biomass and effectively enhancing its enzymatic hydrolysis, but conventional solid washing GO lignin extraction processes frequently consume large amounts of water, resulting additionally difficulty recycling glycerol. In this study, an anhydrous two-step process was e...

An improved gram-scale synthesis of Bn5CpRu(CO)2Cl is reported based on heating of pentabenzylcyclopentadiene with Ru3(CO)12 at 160 °C under argon atmosphere in mesitylene followed by addition of chloroform, continued heating, and evaporation of the solvents. Subsequent washing of unreacted ligand precursor with hexane provided pure title compound in 77 % yield. In combination with Candida anta...