Background There has been an alarming increase in the dumping of Hong Kong’s municipal solid waste (MSW), predominantly food waste, in landfill (9,547 tonnes of MSW per day in 2013) [1]. One way of promoting an environmentally friendly method of minimising food waste is to turn the waste into energy by producing biodiesel from waste cooking oils. Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel that can be ma...

Biodiesel is an alternative source of energy in diesel engines in its neat form or as a blend with conventional diesel fuel. The raw feedstock costs represent a lot of the overall biodiesel production cost. Therefore, the employment of waste oils or non-edible oils (which do not compete with edible oils) as feedstock for biodiesel production are presented as the best alternative. However, the p...

Heterogeneous catalysts are receiving more importance for the transesterification of triglycerides present in any oils or fats to produce biodiesel. They are reusable, environmentally benign, could give high quality of products, and more effective than acid catalysts and enzymes for biodiesel production. Recently, heterogeneous catalysts derived from both waste industrial and biological resourc...

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or biodiesel is a biofuel conventionally produced from edible oil and methanol, using an alkaline catalyst, through a transesterification reaction. As FAME is mostly produced from edible vegetable oils, crop soils are used for its production, increasing deforestation and producing a fuel more expensive than diesel. In addition, between 70 and 80% of the total FAME...

Solid waste, including petroleum based waste oils, transformer oil or mineral oil are screened for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The analysis is typically performed by GC-ECD or GC-MS after clean-up using column chromatography, solid phase extraction (SPE), or dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE). Clean-up on silica or acidified silica removes polar constituents that ca...

Textile industries have their own importance in Indian economy. It consumes large amount of water and as a result huge amount of waste water is generated. Textile effluent comprises of suspended solids, mineral oils, residual oils and is characterized by high BOD (from 700 to 2000 mg/l) and COD loads. It is necessary to treat the waste water so that it does not have any threat to the environmen...

Volatile oils obtained from both the liquid medium after incubation (MAI) and liquid medium before incubation (MBI) during the cultivation process of Lactobacillus brevis were isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and analyzed to determine the utility of the liquid waste. The composition of the volatile oils was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

Wheat germ oil (WGO) in water emulsion is increasingly being used a variety of fields due to its outstanding nutritional and health benefits. To enhance WGO composability, emulsification should be performed allow them dissolve more easily food matrix or active packaging. Membrane promising advanced homogenization technology that has recently been developed. This research focused on application ...