The thermal performance of a solar system composed of parallel, all-glass (double skin) vacuum tubes has been investigated by using a three-dimensional analytical model. Each vacuum tube is equipped with a coaxial fluid conduit for water to flow through and collect the sun's thermal energy. The space between the exterior of the fluid conduit and the glass tube is filled with antifreeze solution...

Transforming a laser beam into a mass flow has been a challenge both scientifically and technologically. We report the discovery of a new optofluidic principle and demonstrate the generation of a steady-state water flow by a pulsed laser beam through a glass window. To generate a flow or stream in the same path as the refracted laser beam in pure water from an arbitrary spot on the window, we f...

Animation of water drops on a windshield is used as a special effect in advanced driving games and simulators. Existing water droplet animation methods trace the trajectories of the droplets on the glass taking into account the hydrophilic or water-attracting nature of the glass material. Meanwhile, in the automobile industry, usage of hydrophobic glass windshields has recently been a common so...

PURPOSE This study was performed to study the pattern of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement, a resin modified glass ionomer cement, a compomer and a composite resin when stored in different storage media. METHODS A total of 60 samples (Tablets of diameter 8.6 ± 0.1 mm and thickness 1.65 ± 0.1 mm) were prepared (15 samples for each material) pertaining to 4 different materials used. Fi...

Using differential scanning calorimetry, we show that the addition of solute(s) to emulsified water lowers the freezing temperature to <231 K, the homogeneous nucleation temperature of pure bulk water, or even completely suppresses freezing. In the latter case, freezing upon warming occurs above T(X) ≈ 150 K and leads to a phase separation into pure ice and a freeze-concentrated solution (FCS) ...

In this study, the effect of hygrothermal conditioning on the moisture diffusion properties of the fabric composite (glass fiber/epoxy resin) was investigated. The water uptake of the specimens conditioned in humid environment at different relative humidities (0, 60 and 96 % r.h) at constant temperature (60°C) was evaluated by weight gain measurements. The moisture diffusion properties of the f...

This protocol describes mosquito rearing in the insectary. The insectary rooms are maintained at 28 degrees C and approximately 80% humidity, with a 12 hr. day/night cycle. For this procedure, you'll need mosquito cages, 10% sterile sucrose solution, paper towels, beaker, whatman filter paper, glass feeders, human blood and serum, water bath, parafilm, distilled water, clean plastic trays, mosq...

Lithium chloride aqueous solutions (LiClaq solutions) below 10 mol.% are vitrified by cooling from room temperature to 77 K at 0.3 GPa. We examine the solvent state of the glassy sample and its transformation by heating at 1 atm using low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. This experimental study suggests strongly that the solvent state of the glassy LiClaq so...

Hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate as ionic comonomer were synthesized by free radical polymerization in water using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The glass transition of dried copolymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) and poly(sodium acrylate) (SA) gels and demixing/mixing transition of PNIPA-SA hydrogels swollen...