As a part of the FreshWater Watch project aiming to promote volunteers' water monitoring in 25 cities around the world, St. Lawrence River water quality was characterized at 28 public shoreline parks around Montreal Island, Quebec, Canada. This involved training of 69 citizen scientists by researchers of the Université de Montréal in five one-day sessions. Shoreline sampling yielded 174 data po...

in today’s world the concept of “city” without effective landscape is out of imagination. being focal points for human life and activities, cities have to consider the structure and functions which are influenced by natural systems. in this regard, landscapes are inevitable parts of cities with an essential metabolic role. unlike most countries which don’t have to deal with water shortage as a ...

Park design in Iran has followed the traditional European style since the Qajar dynasty. Thefamiliarity of Iranians with the spirit of Persian gardens and the low quality of the newest parks is such that usersprefer ancient geometrical Persian gardens. Today, those responsible for the design of urban green spaces lackingexamples differing from the traditional and thus they are in need of an ade...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of coliform and potentially pathogenic bacteria in remote backcountry alpine lakes and streams of national parks in the Sierra Nevada mountains. METHODS Water was sampled at 55 predetermined lakes and streams that would stratify the risk, based on sites used by backpackers, sites used by pack animals, and uncontaminated wild areas. Sites were distributed ...

It has been observed empirically that each coe cient in a Parks-McClellan lter converges to a steady state value as the lter length increases. This suggests the possibility of obtaining lters that are near optimal while "re-using" lter coe cients from shorter lters in the design of longer lters. In the context of approximate processing this then allows a ltering operation to be done in stages. ...

INTRODUCTION Park amenities promote visitation and physical activity during summer. Physical activity declines during winter. Identifying park amenities that promote visitation during winter would increase year-round activity. The purpose of this study was to determine how park visitation, amenity choice, and physical activity intensity change across seasons. METHODS Physical activity intensi...

The science parks have important role in development of technology and are able to make economic growth of the countries. The purpose of this paper is the presentation of a Fuzzy Expert System (FIS) as Intelligent Systems to evaluate the science and technology parks. One of the problems for evaluating Science and Technology parks is to have the high number of criteria and science parks which AH...