First-order translations have recently been characterized as the maps computed by aperiodic single-valued nondeterministic finite transducers (NFTs). It is shown here that this characterization lifts to “V-translations” and “V-single-valued-NFTs”, where V is an arbitrary monoid pseudovariety that is closed under reversal. More strikingly, two-way V-transducer are introduced, and the following t...

This study investigates how the three-way contrastive bilabial stops (/p*,p,p/, called fortis, aspirated and lenis, respectively) in word-medial position in Korean are distinct kinematically at the supralaryngeal articulatory level. Results of a magnetometer experiment with seven speakers of Seoul Korean showed that the three-way contrastive stops in VCV sequences (V1⁄4/i/ or /a/) are indeed ma...

objectives: auditory brain stem response (abr) is a result of eight nerve and brain stem nuclei stimulation. several factors may affect the latencies, interpeak latencies and amplitudes in abr especially sex and age. in this study, age and sex influence on abr were studied. methods: this study was performed on 120 cases (60 males and 60 females) at akhavan rehabilitation center of university of...

Joyal and Street note in their paper on braided monoidal categories [10] that the 2–category V–Cat of categories enriched over a braided monoidal category V is not itself braided in any way that is based upon the braiding of V. What is meant by “based upon” here will be made more clear in the present paper. The exception that they mention is the case in which V is symmetric, which leads to V–Ca...

We study the following problem: given a set of keys and access probabilities, find a minimum-cost binary search tree that uses only 2-way comparisons (=, <,≤) at each node. We give the first polynomialtime algorithm when both successful and unsuccessful queries are allowed, settling a long-standing open question. Our algorithm relies on a new structural theorem that proves a conjecture of Spule...

Joyal and Street note in their paper on braided monoidal categories [9] that the 2–category V –Cat of categories enriched over a braided monoidal category V is not itself braided in any way that is based upon the braiding of V . The exception that they mention is the case in which V is symmetric, which leads to V –Cat being symmetric as well. The symmetry in V –Cat is based upon the symmetry of...

In this paper, we used the time-of-flight (TOF) of a charge packet, that injected by a voltage pulse to calculate the drift velocity and mobility of holes in organic semiconducting polymers. The technique consists in applying a voltage to the anode and calculating the time delay in the appearance of the injected carriers at the other contact. The method is a simple way to determine the charge t...