Recently, there has been growing interest in developing optical ber networks to support the increasing bandwidth demands of multimedia applications, such as video conferencing and World Wide Web browsing. One technique for accessing the huge bandwidth available in an optical ber is wavelengthdivision multiplexing (WDM). Under WDM, the optical ber bandwidth is divided into a number of non-overla...

Warm dark matter (WDM) can potentially explain small-scale observations that currently challenge the cold (CDM) model, as warm particles suppress structure formation due to free-streaming effects. Observing distribution provides a valuable way distinguish between CDM and WDM. In this work, we use from Dark Energy Survey PanSTARRS1, which observe 270 Milky-Way satellites after completeness corre...

Herein, an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which includes wavelength division (WDM), polarization (PDM), space (SDM), mode (MDM) orbital angular momentum (OAMM). Multiplexing a mechanism by multiple signals are combined into shared channel used showcase the maximum capacity of optical links. However, it critical develop hybrid metho...

ABSTRACT Every dark matter halo and subhalo is expected to have a prompt ρ ∝ r−1.5 central density cusp, which relic of its condensation out the smooth mass distribution early Universe. The sizes these cusps are linked scales peaks in initial field from they formed. In warm (WDM) models, smoothing scale set by free streaming can result with masses order 107 M⊙. We show that WDM models particle ...

Joint analyses of small-scale cosmological structure probes are relatively unexplored and promise to advance measurements microphysical dark matter properties using heterogeneous data. Here, we present a multidimensional analysis substructure strong gravitational lenses the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population, accounting for degeneracies in model predictions covariances constraining powe...

Divisor-Skip Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DS-WDM) ring is an optical interconnection network for workstation clusters or parallel machines which can connect various number of nodes easily using wavelength division multiplexing techniques. However, the wavelength-ordered routing algorithm proposed for the DS-WDM ring requires complicated processes in each router. Here, a new routing algorit...

An IP (Internet Protocol) over WDM network is expected to be an infrastructure for the next–generation Internet by directly carrying IP packets on the WDM–based network. Among several architectures for IP over WDM networks, one promising way is to overlay a logical topology consisting of lightpaths over the physical WDM network so that IP packets are carried on the lightpaths. The conventional ...

The popularity of the Internet leads to an increasing number of emerging applications operating with the corresponding Internet protocol (IP). High bandwidth transmission over Internet links is one building block to provide audio & video applications apart from common data transport over the Internet protocol, thus enabling applications like computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). While the...

In this paper we have proposed a next generation hybrid WDM/TDM based PON architecture. We have analyzed the role of WDM in access networks, the challenges and strategies to enable smooth and economical migration from current TDM-PONs to future WDM-PONs. The proposed architecture is based on collector ring and distributed star networks that can support both existing TDMPONs and new WDM-PONs. Th...

We theoretically analyze nonlinear interactions between chirped solitons in dispersion-managed wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. We employ the perturbation method to evaluate frequency and chirp shifts caused by collisions among different WDM channels. It is shown that a chirped soliton suffers less frequency shift and time displacement than an ideal soliton, indicating its potent...