This paper quantitatively investigates the Depression of 1890s and 1907 recession in United States. Business Cycle Accounting decomposes economic fluctuations into their contributing factors. The results suggest that both recessions were primarily caused by factors affect efficiency wedge, i.e. slumps economy’s factor productivity. Distortions to labor wedge played a less important role. Models...

Introduction: Nowadays,  considerable developments  in  the field  of  radiotherapy have  been  achieved.  They  include  the  advances  made  in  the  equipments  and  treatment  planning  techniques  which  require  highly complex calculations. Such achievements have made it possible to treat cancer patients not only  with  higher  radiation  dose  but  also  with  higher  precision  and  con...

Radiotherapy wedges constitute an important group within the generic classification of so-called Beam Modification Devices (BMD). Wedges are subdivided into Static, Dynamic, and Omni Wedges sug-groups. The standard static wedge attenuates the beam progressively, in such a way that the dose delivery is higher at the thin side, and lower at the broader side. The slope of the inferior surface has ...

We compared the incidence and severity of complications during and after closing- and opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy used for the treatment of varus arthritis of the knee, and identified the risk factors associated with the development of complications. In total, 104 patients underwent laterally based closing-wedge and 90 medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy between January 1993 and ...

introduction wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (tps) is important. the objective ...

we describe a simple model that fits well with iranian economy, and extends a methodology which chary at el. (2007) demonstrated. in addition to four traditional wedges, we introduce additional trade wedge. we then evaluate the contribution of these wedges to the fluctuations in iran during last three years. because of international sanction, trading cost increases, and firms have difficulty to...

In order to accurately calculate the generator loss, point out the distribution of generator loss and reveal the effect of harmonic magnetic field and other factors to generator loss. In this paper, a 6.5 MW doublyfed hydro-generator was taken as an example. Time–stepping finite element method was adopted for the numerical simulation of electromagnetic field in generator, and Matlab was used fo...

The behaviour of an initially planar shock wave propagating into a linearly convergent wedge is investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, a 25◦ internal wedge is mounted asymmetrically in a pressure-driven shock tube. Shock waves with incident Mach numbers in the ranges of 1.4–1.6 and 2.4–2.6 are generated in nitrogen and carbon dioxide. During each run, the full pressure ...

Background Lateral wedge insoles have consistently shown to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM) in medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients; although there is evidence that certain patients have a paradoxical increase in EKAM. This may be a key factor in determining clinical response and thus identifying and understanding why these patients increase EKAM is critical for prescribing...

A novel edge operator is introduced based on steerable asymmetric linear filters consisting of radial wedge segments. An intensity profile is computed by averaging intensity values along a radial wedge segment as it "sweeps" about a small circular neighborhood. The "steerability" of the filters allows for interpolation of a continuous profile function for n discretely sampled postions of the ra...