This paper analyses the relative role of protection and mitigation expenditures within the total costs of climate change induced sea level rise. It derives a rule of thumb to approximate the optimal level of protection. Economic efficiency requires that protection expenditures are designed such that the sum of protection costs plus remaining land loss damage is minimised. A formula is derived a...

conservation and sustainability of natural ecosystems and sustainability of rural communities by good linking between communities and ecosystems through developing of alternative lifestyles are essential. inthisregard based on the ecovillage model as a model of sustainable lifestyle was paid to provide appropriate strategies for sustainable living in rural societies around wetland with identify...

Rising temperature causes a process of phosphorus release, which can be characterized well using phosphorus release rates (VP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the major factors affecting sediment phosphorus release rates through a wetland habitat simulation experiment. The results showed that the VP of different wetland sediments were different and changed with the order ...

Wetlands all over the world have been lost or are threatened in spite of various international agreements and national policies. This is caused by: (1) the public nature of many wetlands products and services; (2) user externalities imposed on other stakeholders; and (3) policy intervention failures that are due to a lack of consistency among government policies in different areas (economics, e...

KLEMAS, V., 2011. Remote sensing of wetlands: case studies comparing practical techniques. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 418–427. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. To plan for wetland protection and sensible coastal development, scientists and managers need to monitor the changes in coastal wetlands as the sea level continues to rise and the coastal population keeps expanding. Ad...

Wetlands are important sites for biological conservation because they support rich biodiversity and present high productivity. Species-area relationship is an important tool in conservation planning and it has been extensively used for wetland management. This study had as aims: (1) to analyse macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity in the fragmented wetlands of the Sinos River basin; and (2...

Coastal wetlands, such as marshes, mangroves and forested swamps, are in decline globally. Although considerable progress has been made in quantifying and valuing some of the key ecosystem goods and services provided by these habitats, fundamental challenges remain. The biggest challenge is inadequate knowledge to link changes in ecosystem structure and function to the production of valuable go...

We used the SLEUTH urban growth model, closely coupled with a land transition model, to simulate future urban growth in the Houston metropolitan area, one of the fastest growing metropolises in the United States during the past three decades. The model was calibrated with historical data extracted from a time series of satellite images. Three specific scenarios are designed to simulate the spat...

ghourighol international wetland which is located at bostan-abad conuty in east azerbaijan province is known as one of the important tourism and promenade zone of iran due to its special natural gravities. therefore, studying tourism value of this place could express the importance of its protection, predicting needs, removing scarcities and the development of tourism. the aim of this research ...