This paper suggests the operation polices of storage devices to limiting ramp rates of wind power output. Operation polices are based on the optimization framework of linear programming under the assumption that there is a penalty cost for deviating outside ramp rate limits. Policies decide optimal storage operations to minimize the total penalty costs incurred when violating ramp rate limits. ...

Cities are increasingly setting their own minimum wages, and this trend has accelerated sharply in recent years. While 2010 there were only three cities with wages exceeding the state or federal standard, by 2020 42. This new phenomenon raises question: is it desirable to have city-level variation wage polices? We discuss main trade-offs emerging from local polices evaluate empirical relevance....

Decision making and planning for which the state information is only partially available is a problem faced by all forms of intelligent entities they being either virtual, synthetic or biological. The standard approach to mathematically solve such a decisional problem is to formulate it as a partially observable decision process (POMDP) and apply the same optimisation techniques used in the Mar...

We consider noninterference formulations of security policies [7] in which the “interferes” relation is intransitive. Such policies provide a formal basis for several real security concerns, such as channel control [17, 18], and assured pipelines [4]. We show that the appropriate formulation of noninterference for the intransitive case is that developed by Haigh and Young for “multidomain secur...

Determination of optimal cropping pattern is essential for arid and semiarid regions with deficit water resources. Fars province is located in the southern part of I.R. of Iran with mean annual precipitation from 50 to 1000 mm and in most parts of this province water resources for agriculture are deficit. Jahrom region with semi-arid climate is located in Fars province with mean annual rainfall...