OBJECTIVE Accurate identification and localization of cortical gray matter (CGM) lesions in MS is important when determining their clinical relevance. Double inversion recovery (DIR) scans have been widely used to detect MS CGM lesions. Phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) scans have a higher signal to noise, and can therefore be obtained at a higher resolution within clinically acceptable...

BACKGROUND The heaviest period of cannabis use coincides with ongoing white matter (WM) maturation. Further, cannabis-related changes may be moderated by FAAH genotype (rs324420). We examined the association between cannabis use and FAAH genotype on frontolimbic WM integrity in adolescents and emerging adults. We then tested whether observed WM abnormalities were linked with depressive or apath...

Periventricular hemorrhagic infarct (PVHI) is among the most devastating injuries suffered by prematurely born infants. In PVHI (formerly called Grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage), an intraventricular vein that drains smaller veins from the surrounding white matter is occluded, resulting in venous infarction with hemorrhage [1]. DTI has become a useful imaging technique to identify maturation...

CONTEXT Nonpsychotic siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) share cortical gray matter abnormalities with their probands at an early age; these normalize by the time the siblings are aged 18 years, suggesting that the gray matter abnormalities in schizophrenia could be an age-specific endophenotype. Patients with COS also show significant white matter (WM) growth deficits...

R2* relaxometry of the brain is a quantitative magnetic resonance technique which is influenced by iron and myelin content across different brain regions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory, demyelinating disease affecting both white and grey matter regions of the CNS. Using R2*, increased iron deposition has been described in deep gray matter of MS patients. Iron accumulation mig...

Ø Goal: Investigation of the underlying biophysical effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). ØThe biophysics of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is not yet well understood. We characterize in detail the electric field induced in gray (GM) and white matter (WM), using a geometrically accurate model of an individual head combined with high-resolution diffusion weighted imaging (...

We investigated how volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) varied with age, sex, small vessel disease and cardiovascular risk factors in the Rotterdam Scan Study. Participants (n=490; 60-90 years) were non-demented and 51.0% had hypertension, 4.9% had diabetes mellitus, 17.8% were current smoker and 54.0% were former smoker. We segmented brain MR-images int...

White matter (WM) degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be a key indicator of early damage in AD. Here, we analyzed WM diffusion tensor data using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics in conjunction with mixed-effects models. Four indices of diffusion were assessed in 61 healthy control, 19 non-amnestic MCIs, 14 amnestic MCIs, and 9 AD patients. The aim of t...

Glial activation and degeneration are important outcomes in the pathophysiology of acute brain and spinal cord injury (SCI). Our main goal was to investigate the pattern of glial activation and degeneration during secondary degeneration in both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) following SCI. Adult rats were deeply anesthetized and injected with 20 nmol of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into ...

Voxel-based morphometry is a method for detecting group differences in the density or volume of brain matter. The authors reviewed the literature on use of voxel-based morphometry in brain MRI imaging research to examine the capabilities of this method for clearly identifying specific differences in patients with MCI and AD (and compared with healthy subjects). A technique of segmenting human b...