Livestock is represented in big cat diets throughout the world. Husbandry approaches aim to reduce depredation, which may influence patterns of prey choice, but whether felids have a preference for livestock or not often remains unclear as most studies ignore livestock availability. We assessed prey choice of the endangered Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) in Golestan National Park, ...

background: the distribution and preferences of ticks of animals in central of iran were studied four times a year. methods: one thousand seven tick specimens were collected from different localities including isfahan, chaharmahalbak­htiary, eastazarbaijan, west azerbaijan, kordestan, kermanshah, lorestan and fars. results: most of sampled animals in this area were infested. we also encountered...

The effects of some antibiotics and metals on goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) kidney aldose reductase (AR) sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were examined. For drugs that exhibit inhibitory effect, Ki constants calculated inhibition types determined by using Lineweaver-Burk curves. In our study, the highest showed ceftriaxone antibiotic in AR enzyme with an IC50 value 0.0274 mM. More potent ...

Abstract Antioxidants are natural or synthetic substances that delay oxidation through one more mechanisms, such as scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and complexing with metals, tissue destruction via oxidation. commonly used in animal feed the food industry to prevent of animal-origin products. Moreover, oxidants increasingly reproduction, especially for semen preservati...

Genetic variations in the four casein genes CSN1S1 , CSN2 CSN1S2 and CSN3 have obtained substantial attention since they affect milk protein yield, composition, cheese processing properties, digestibility as well tolerance human nutrition. Furthermore, variants are used for breed characterization, biodiversity, phylogenetic studies. The current study aimed at identification of five domestic goa...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a crucial component of the vertebrate immune system and shows extremely high levels of genetic polymorphism. The extraordinary genetic variation is thought to be ancient polymorphisms maintained by balancing selection. However, introgression from related species was recently proposed as an additional mechanism. Here we provide evidence for introgres...