In multilateral enforcement, a player who cheats on one partner is punished by many partners. But renegotiation might subvert the threat of multilateral punishment. We consider renegotiation proofness in multilateral enforcement games with public monitoring, and also introduce the notion of “bilateral renegotiation proofness” for games with private monitoring. With public monitoring, renegotiat...

This paper compares sequential trade liberalization through a preferential trade agreement (PTA) and one-shot multilateral trade liberalization with respect to the speed with which countries attain multilateral free trade. We build a three-country oligopoly model, including one developing country whose domestic firm initially uses old technology. Firm-level adoption of new technology and countr...

Why do governments choose multilateralism? We examine a principalagent model in which states trade some control over the policy for greater burden sharing. The theory generates observable hypotheses regarding the reasons for and the patterns of support and opposition to multilateralism. To focus our study, we analyze support for bilateral and multilateral foreign aid giving in the US. Using new...

BACKGROUND The US National Library of Medicine supports the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) through the design, implementation, and operation of the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Communications Network (MIMCom.) MIMCom makes possible enhanced access to the Internet and to medical literature. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the present study were to examine the use of MIMCom su...

We study a financial network where forced liquidations of an illiquid asset have a negative impact on its price, thus reinforcing network contagion. We prove uniqueness of the clearing asset price and liability payments under no, partial, and full multilateral netting of interbank liabilities. We show that partial versus full multilateral netting increases bank shortfall, and reduces clearing a...

We use the experimental method to compare second-price auctions with verifiable multilateral negotiations in which the sole buyer can credibly reveal to sellers the best price offer he currently holds. Despite the two institutions seeming equivalence, we find that prices are lower in verifiable multilateral negotiations than in second-price auctions. The difference occurs because low-cost selle...

This study examines conditions in which alliance networks (informal webs of bilateral entanglements between firms) may or may not evolve into multilateral alliances (broad, formal multiple-firm arrangements). I offer a theory to explain the formation of multilateral alliances based on both the resource profile and the structure of existing interfirm networks, and provide an initial test of that...

As more and more data become available, the task of accessing and exploiting the large number of distributed clinical data repositories becomes increasingly complex. Moreover, accessing to a certain data set in a federated data warehouse may have constrains, and multilateral agreements may solve it. Such agreements may be very complex to be solved manually. Current systems for clinical data sha...

The four-channel architecture in teleoperation with force feedback has been studied in various existing literature. However, most of them focused on Lawrence architecture and did not research other cases. This paper proposes two other four-channel architectures: passive four-channel architecture and passive four-channel architecture with operator force. Furthermore, two types of multilateral sh...

The volume of direct British aid to Africa is constrained by the substantial level of its contributions to multilateral programmes (including those of the EU). The multilateral agencies, of course, also provide large volumes of aid to Sub-Saharan Africa, of which the UK finances its share, but the following discussion is restricted to the bilateral element in British aid to Africa. The share of...