the influence of initial moisture content on wood decay at different levels of atmospheric oxygen concentration was studied. three fungi, coriolus versicolor (c. versicolor) a white rot, coniophora puteana (c. puteana) a brown rot, and chaetomium globosum (c. globosum) a soft rot, were chosen. the mycelia of the fungi were inoculated in to mini blocks of fagus sylvatica (beech) and pinus sy...

in this study, the disadvantages of wood, which is widely employed in producing music instruments, are discussed. for example, high moisture sensitivity, low impact resistance, and time-consuming procedure as well as various properties of different species or in several parts of one specimen which are the main problems of wooden music instruments are extensively discussed in this paper. many ma...

The addition of cottonwood and ash sapwood powder to YPSSl2 medium influenced the mycelial growth of 13 species of freshwater lignicolous Ascomycetes and Hyphornycetes. These species fall into three groups with respect to their responses to the presence of leached or non-leached wood powder. Neither wood type showed strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the species. Leaching di...

Noise impacts resources and visitor experience in many protected natural areas, and visitors can be the dominant source of noise. This experimental study tested the efficacy and acceptability of signs asking visitors to be quiet at Muir Woods National Monument, California. Signs declaring a "quiet zone" (at the park's Cathedral Grove) or a "quiet day" (throughout the park) were posted on a rand...

We show that for any free Araki-Woods factor M = Γ(HR, Ut) ′′ of type III1, the bicentralizer of the free quasi-free state φU is trivial. Using Haagerup’s Theorem, it follows that there always exists a faithful normal state ψ on M such that (M) ∩M = C.

Article history: Received 25 August 2008 Received in revised form 17 October 2008 Accepted 21 October 2008 Available online 17 November 2008