during last century and in a period of time called modern history of middle east, we have seen different changes in life of urban communities as whole, and urban and rural of the mentioned region in particular. the range and power of such changes has been in such a level that we can claim: it has changed the “life world” of people noticeably. among all parts of the region our field study (iran’...

all of us have heard about the asian south east miracle many times. in the situation that dependency and world system theories was whimpering over the third world countries, the countries of this region experienced highest economic growth in history in according to wb. many of researchers believe that this have been achieved by making economic development prior and suspending other development ...

This study tests a series of hypotheses concerning the political-economic causes of change in per capita consumption-based environmental impacts. To test the hypotheses, panel regression analyses are conducted to assess the eVects of level of economic development, export intensity, domestic economy structure, and other factors on growth in per capita ecological footprints of nations, 1991–2001....

Noam Chomsky argues that only a meager percentage of the world, consisting of mainly large corporations and developed nations, prosper from globalization. As stated in Immanuel Wallerstein’s World-System Theory, the modern system of the world, which is constructed according to the economic status of nations, can be divided into three levels: the core, the semi-periphery, and the periphery. Whil...