We generated an expression construct consisting of the xylose reductase (XR) gene (xr) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Transformant X7 exhibited increased xylitol production and markedly higher XR activities than the wild-type strain. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the increased XR activity was associated with constant expression of the recombinant xr gene.

Specular X-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were used to determine the absorption of water into thin poly(4-ammonium styrenesulfonic acid) films from saturated vapor at 25 degrees C. The effect of film thickness on the absorption kinetics and overall absorption was investigated in the range of thickness from (3 to 200) nm. The equilibrium swelling of all ...

Many of the newer X-ray machines are equipped with electronic means to provide dose-area product (DAP) information. For machines without that ability, an alternative method is to record radiation on a film that can handle a large amount of cumulative exposure. The use of GafChromic XR Type R film was investigated for this purpose by placing it at the X-ray tube assembly to record the radiation ...

Although East African black athletes dominate endurance running events, it is unknown whether black and white endurance runners with similar racing ability, matched for training, may differ in their skeletal muscle biochemical phenotype. Thirteen Xhosa (XR) and 13 Caucasian (CR) endurance runners were recruited and matched for 10-km performance, average preferred racing distance (PRD(A)), and t...

Quetiapine fumarate, a first-line treatment for schizophrenia, exists in two formulations: extended release (XR) and immediate release (IR). This naturalistic, noninterventional study evaluated use of quetiapine XR/IR among in-patients with schizophrenia [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01214135]. Data were collected from medical records. Categorical and numerical outcomes were compared using...

We discuss the commutativity of certain rings with unity 1 and one-sided s-unital rings under each of the following conditions: xr[xs, y] = ±[x, yt]xn, xr[xs, y] = ±xn[x, yt], xr[xs, y] = ±[x, yt]ym, and xr[xs, y] = ±ym[x, yt], where r, n, and m are non-negative integers and t > 1, s are positive integers such that either s, t are relatively prime or s[x, y] = 0 implies [x, y] = 0. Further, we ...

In most RTP-based multicast applications, the RTP source sends interrelated data. Due to this interdependency, randomly joining RTP receivers usually cannot start consuming the multicast data right after they join the session. Thus, they often experience a random acquisition delay. An RTP receiver can use one or more different approaches to achieve rapid acquisition. Yet, due to various factors...

AIM To investigate whether patients taking metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have improved glycaemic control without compromising tolerability by adding an agent with a complementary mechanism of action vs. uptitrating metformin. METHODS Adults with T2DM and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0 and 10.5% receiving metformin extended release (XR) 1500 mg/day for ≥8 weeks were r...

This work has been conducted to demonstrate a procedure for using a Konica Minolta computed radiography (CR) system for the measurement of computed tomography (CT) radiation profile width, and to compare this method with conventional and GAFCHROMIC XR-QA2 film measurements. The exposure and processing conditions of a Konica Minolta CR reader system were characterized to establish the relationsh...