introduction sustainability of agricultural systems may improve due to intercropping as a result of diversity increasing. marigold (calendula officinalis) is a major medicinal plant from asteraceae family, though weeds suppress it because of lower competitiveness against weeds. mungbean (vigna radiata) is a pulse crop from fabaceae family and is one of the major nutritive sources especially in ...

in this research, the chemimechanical pulps (cmp) with different yields were prepared by using the mixtures of constant raw materials comprising iranian hardwood species such as hornbeam (44%), poplar (31%), maple (15%) and salix (10%). this research was aiming to study cmp pulp properties variations in yields lower than standard limit (85%). four different yields (84, 80, 73 and 67%) were achi...

background and objectivesintercropping or simultaneous growing of two or more crops on the same piece of land has the potential of enhanced ecosystem productivity. in a cereal-legume intercropping system, an increase in cereal and a decrease in legume intercrop yield is reported. several indices such as land equivalent ratio (ler), relative crowding coefficient (k), competitive ratio (cr), aggr...

Drought has been a major cause of agricultural disaster, yet how it affects the vulnerability of maize and wheat production in combination with several co-varying factors (i.e., phenological phases, agro-climatic regions, soil texture) remains unclear. Using a data synthesis approach, this study aims to better characterize the effects of those co-varying factors with drought and to provide crit...

Analytical strengths of reinforced concrete beams and columns based on reinforcing steel stress-strain curves with and without a sharp yield plateau and the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of concrete are compared with strengths calculated in accordance with the ACI Building Code to determine the feasibility of using the 0.2% offset method to define the yield strength of reinforcing steel. Com...

this experiment was conducted to study the effect of plastic mulch on the growth and some physiological characteristics of two strawberry cultivars (paros and queen elisa) under drought stress. a factorial experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design with four treatments, including mulch, without mulch, normal irrigation (control) and deficit irrigation (-10 bar) with thre...

Nutrient depletion in soils adversely affects soil quality and reduces crop yield and consequently poses a potential threat to global food security and agricultural sustainability. With an emphasis on human-induced nutrient depletion, this paper described the causality among soil nutrient depletion, soil quality, crop production, socio-economic variables, and environmental condition. Then, glob...