We use the torsional angles of the protein chain as generalized coordinates in the canonical formalism, derive canonical equations of motion, and investigate the coordinate dependence of the kinetic energy expressed in terms of the canonical momenta. We use the formalism to compute the normal-frequency distributions of the α helix and the β sheet, under the assumption that they are stabilized p...

We study the influence of penguin (especially, electroweak penguin) effects on some methods of measuring the angles α, β, and γ in the CKM unitarity triangle. We use next-to-leading order effective Hamiltonian, and present numerical estimates based on the factorization approximation. We find that some techniques suggested in the literature, especially for α determination, are not workable in li...

A method is proposed for the determination of the unitarity angle α through tree penguin interference. The modes needed would be of the form B/B 0 → ρM and B/B 0 → ωM where M is spin-0 uu/dd meson, for instance M = π, η, η, a0 or f0. An analogous method can also determine γ using M = KS or KL. The validity of the theoretical approximations used may be tested by over determining α with several m...

Introduction: Estrogen, a crucial hormone during pregnancy, acts through two types of receptors. The estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ESR-α and ESR-β) are more abundant and exists in all human reproductive systems. Association of ESR-α and ESR-β genes polymorphisms has been reported in some reproductive problems such as spontaneous abortion, endometriosis-related infertility, and in vitro fert...

The unitarity triangle can be determined by means of two measurements of its sides or angles. Assuming the same relative errors on the angles (α, β, γ) and the sides (Rb, Rt), we find that the pairs (γ, β) and (γ,Rb) are most efficient in determining ( ̺̄, η̄) that describe the apex of the unitarity triangle. They are followed by (α, β), (α,Rb), (Rt, β), (Rt, Rb) and (Rb, β). As the set |Vus|, |Vc...

PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the angular changes after Y-stenting of the basilar bifurcation aneurysms. METHODS A total of 19 patients (age range, 27-80 years; mean age, 52.5 years) underwent Y-stent coiling for basilar bifurcation aneurysm. Three vascular angles (α, β1, β2) were measured in the anteroposterior plane. β1 and β2 represented the angles between the basilar artery and the prox...

A successful design of peptidomimetics must come to terms with χ-space control. The incorporation of χ-space constrained amino acids into bioactive peptides renders the χ(1) and χ(2) torsional angles of pharmacophore amino acids critical for activity and selectivity as with other relevant structural features of the template. This review describes histidine analogues characterized by replacement...

By a dihedral folding tiling (f-tiling, for short) of the sphere S whose prototiles are spherical right triangles, T1 and T2, we mean a polygonal subdivision τ of S such that each cell (tile) of τ is congruent to T1 or T2 and the vertices of τ satisfy the angle-folding relation, i.e., each vertex of τ is of even valency and the sums of alternating angles around each vertex are π. In fact, the c...