Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokines are important mediators of inflammation. Elevated levels of serum TNF-α are associated with human sensorineural hearing loss via poorly understood mechanisms. We demonstrate, for the first time, expression of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its signaling death receptor 5 (DR5) in the murine inner ear and show that exogenous TRAIL ca...

Enhanced root hair production, which increases the root surface area for nutrient uptake, is a typical adaptive response of plants to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Although previous studies have shown that ethylene plays an important role in root hair development induced by Pi starvation, the underlying molecular mechanism is not understood. In this work, we characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, hp...

At the frog semicircular canals, the afferent fibers display high spontaneous activity (mEPSPs), due to transmitter release from hair cells. mEPSP and spike frequencies are modulated by stimulation that activates the hair cell receptor conductance. The relation between receptor current and transmitter release cannot be studied at the intact semicircular canal. To circumvent the problem, we comb...

Sound-evoked spikes in the auditory nerve can phase-lock with submillisecond precision for prolonged periods of time. However, the synaptic mechanisms that enable this accurate spike firing remain poorly understood. Using paired recordings from adult frog hair cells and their afferent fibers, we show here that during sine-wave stimuli, synaptic failures occur even during strong stimuli. However...

Introduction. Rosacea is a chronic disease characterized by (depending on the subtype) facial prolonged erythema, sometimes pustules or nodules. Rosacea affects all ages and sex with four subtypes. Pathophysiology aims to many different trigger factors like sun exposure, emotional stress or changed intestinal flora. Studies about Demodex mites according to different authors revealed that they m...

Hair-follicle regression in the bald scalps of stumptailed macaques develops after puberty, which corresponds to an elevation of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Using the cultured cells from the pre- and postpubertal macaques, we examined the role of dermal papilla cells in testosterone-induced inhibition of outer root sheath cell proliferation. Testosterone showed no effects on pro...

يتحدث البحث عن العلاقات السوفيتية – الباكستانية خلال عام 1980 الذي شهد تطورات مهمة على المستوى الإقليمي والدولي لاسيما بعد الاحتلال السوفيتي لأفغانستان في 27 كانون الاول 1979، الامر زاد من توتر ابان ذلك العام وخلق ازمة سياسية علاقات البلدين ظلت اثارها مستمرة لعدة سنوات ، وقد سلط طبيعة وما صاحبها مفاوضات جرت بينهما بشأن حل الازمة الأفغانية .
 قسم الى محورين تضمن المحور الاول: ردود الفعل عقب...