Programmed genome rearrangements in ciliates provide fascinating examples of flexible epigenetic genome regulations and important insights into the interaction between transposable elements (TEs) and host genomes. DNA elimination in Tetrahymena thermophila removes approximately 12 000 internal eliminated sequences (IESs), which correspond to one-third of the genome, when the somatic macronucleu...

Macrolide resistance is an emerging problem in AIDS patients who receive these agents for treatment or prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium (MAC) infection. We compared the emergence of resistant MAC strains during therapy with clarithromycin (clarithromycin resistance was defined as MIC > or = 32 microg/ml) and azithromycin (azithromycin resistance was defined as MIC > or = 128 microg/ml) i...

Soil organic carbon has been the most important soil quality measurement factors and has intense relation with soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Organic matter and its components are important factors of soil aggregates constitution and stability and play significant role in its structure.So, this research has been done for achieving this purpose. This area is arounding sa...

Objective: Soil organic carbon has been the most important soil quality measurement factors and has intense relation with soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Organic matter and its components are important factors of soil aggregates constitution and stability and play significant role in its structure. So, this research has been done for achieving this purpose. Methods: This...

Ciliates contain two kinds of nuclei: the germline micronucleus (MIC) and somatic macronucleus (MAC) in a single cell. The MAC usually have fragmented chromosomes. These chromosomes, capped with telomeres at both ends, could be gene size to several megabases length among different ciliate species. So far, no telomere-to-telomere assembly entire genome species has been finished. Development thir...

Ciliates are defined by the presence of dimorphic nuclei. Following conjugation, both the functional macronucleus (MAC) and the transcriptionally inactive germline micronucleus (MIC) develop from a zygotic nucleus. As the MAC develops, germline chromosomes are processed by excision of internal sequences, fragmentation and amplification of the remaining chromosomes. The extent of processing vari...

Resistance to clarithromycin in breakthrough Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates typically occurs 3 to 4 months after the initiation of monotherapy in bacteremic AIDS patients. It has been suggested that continuation of clarithromycin therapy still results in clinical and microbiological improvement. To study this paradox, C57BL/6 beige mice were infected with a clarithromycin-resistant ...

Objective: Soil organic carbon has been the most important soil quality measurement factors and has intense relation with soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Organic matter and its components are important factors of soil aggregates constitution and stability and play significant role in its structure. So, this research has been done for achieving this purpose. Methods: This...