Cost-effectiveness analysis of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the surveillance of arboviruses was conducted. The EIA was compared with conventional virus isolation and serologic identification procedures (virus isolation procedures; VIP). Under most circumstances, EIA was more cost-effective than VIP. Costs for processing mosquito pools by VIP increased with the number of viruses included in t...

Estrogen receptors (ER) are routinely measured in tissue extracts from breast cancer using a radioligand binding assay (RBA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Although good correlation was found between the two methods, they are expected to measure, at least in part, different ER amounts in individual samples, because the RBA should detect unfilled ER only, whereas EIA should recognize both unfi...

BACKGROUND Reverse sequence screening for syphilis, in which an automatable treponemal assay (enzyme immunoassay [EIA]/chemiluminescence assay [CIA]) is performed first and followed by a nontreponemal test for reactive specimens, has been used increasingly in the United States. The EIA is objective, efficient, and believed to be more sensitive than the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) because treponem...

[1] The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is a significant feature of the low-latitude ionosphere. During daytime, the eastward electric field drives a vertical plasma fountain at the magnetic equator creating the EIA. Since the eastward electric field is also the driving force for the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ), the latter is positively correlated with the EIA strength. We investigate the c...

A large body of literature addresses the role of science in environmental impact assessment (EIA) but less attention has been given to the views of practitioners themselves. In this research a survey of 31 EIA practitioners in Western Australia was undertaken to determine their perceptions of the quality and importance of science in EIA. The survey results are compared with previous theoretical...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of detection of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies directed against the mycobacterial P-90 antigen for the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among symptomatic individuals and for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections among close contacts of PTB patients. Two commercially available enzyme...

The experiences of practitioners at recent International Association for Impact Assessment workshops on environmental impact assessment (EIA) follow-up are summarised to distil the ingredients required for success. These are presented in relation to the contextual factors that influence EIA follow-up practice: regulations and institutional arrangements; approaches to, and techniques for, follow...

There is growing interest in the use of alternate biological fluids for drug testing. An advantage of oral fluids is that collection can be made from individuals under direct observation without undue embarrassment or invasion of privacy. This study evaluated the STC Cocaine Metabolite MICRO-PLATE EIA for use in detection of cocaine and metabolites in oral fluids. Intra- and interassay precisio...

A new indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Gonozyme (Abbott Laboratories), was assessed for rapid detection of gonococcal antigens. A correlation of optic density (OD) readings by EIA with colony counts of serial dilutions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 19424 disclosed that EIA detected 10(3) CFU/ml at OD readings of 0.1 to 0.3, that EIA consistently detected greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/ml ...

Environmental destruction caused by development activities has become a major concern among the global community. To overcome problem, environmental impact assessment (EIA) been introduced as tool that can help manage environment in activities. EIA implemented more than 100 countries around world including Islamic countries. However, implementation of not comprehensively understood. The objecti...