The designated fiber stress values published in the American National Standards Institute Standard for Poles, ANSI O5.1, no longer reflect the state of the knowledge. These values are based on a combination of test data from small clear wood samples and small poles (<55 ft (<17 m)) and field experience up to the time of adoption of the standard in 1965. A number of changes over the past 35 year...

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have many advantages over conventional bridges in terms of strength and maintenance cost. Due to the integrity of these structures uniform thermal and seismic loads are known important ones on the structure performance. Although all bridge design codes consider temperature and earthquake loads separately in their load combinations for conventional bridges, the t...

The adequacy of the existing design provisions for concrete-filled steel pipes subjected to axial forces and flexure is reviewed by comparing the strengths predicted by the CAN/CSA-S16.1-M94, AISC LRFD 1994, and the Eurocode 4 1994 codes and standards against experimental data from a number of investigators. New proposed design equations are then developed, in a format compatible with North Ame...

The load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method is normally used to B-regions of reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members. includes many checks corresponding different limit states. LRFD requires loop calculation steps in the design, demonstrating its relative inefficiency. It cannot be applied compare states directly quantitatively. Different are separated isolated. How improve analytical...

Reverse time migration (RTM) has been a popular method in industry duo to its ability of imaging complex subsurface and no dip restriction. However, RTM based on full matric capture (FMC) data is limited by the cost calculation cannot be widely used. In this study, new strategy using plane wave proposed. Plane reverse (PWRTM) does not need stack results from multiple sources directly uses as so...

There is a growing interest world-wide in the development of a rational reliability-based geotechnical design code. The reason for this interest is a least two-fold; first of all, geotechnical engineers face uncertainties which are commonly significantly larger than those faced in other fields of engineering and so there is a need to properly characterize and deal with this uncertainty. Secondl...