The globus pallidus (GP) consists of two neuron populations, distinguished according to their immunoreactivity for parvalbumin (PV). The PV-immunoreactive (PV+) neurons project preferentially to "downstream" targets such as the subthalamic and entopeduncular nuclei, whereas neurons lacking PV (PV- neurons) project preferentially to the striatum, suggesting a role for PV- cells in feedback to st...

During segmental isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, there was a PV bradycardia that was dissociated from the left atrium in a segment of the right superior PV, whereas the remaining segments showed passive activation of a PV fascicle during sinus rhythm. Rapid atrial pacing induced a PV tachycardia in the nonisolated fascicles, and the disso...

BACKGROUND The roles of complex muscle sleeve geometry and fiber orientation in the pulmonary veins (PVs) in wave-front propagation are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We mapped the left superior PV (LSPV, n=7) and left inferior PV (LIPV, n=4) of dogs with 420 bipolar electrodes (1-mm resolution) and performed detailed histological examination. In the anterior LSPV-left atrial (LA) jun...

BACKGROUND Adenosine can unmask dormant pulmonary vein (PV) conduction after PV isolation. Adenosine can also induce ectopy in electrically silent PVs after isolation, possibly via activation of autonomic triggers. We sought to identify the implications of adenosine-induced PV ectopy for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after PV isolation. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 152 patients (age, ...

-This paper presents a steady-state model of a gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) MODELS. Recently the PV system has been introduced in power systems. The previous PV generation was used only to supply small loads or for home use. Nowadays, installations of grid-connected PV systems are increasing due to several advantages compared to standalon...

We aimed to determine normal reference ranges for prostate volume (PV) and annual PV change rate in a Korean nationwide screening population. Data from men who underwent a routine health check-up were collected from 13 university hospitals. The cohort comprised men aged ≥40 yr who had undergone 2 or more serial transrectal ultrasonographies. Men with initial PV>100 mL; serum PSA level>10 ng/mL;...

The market for photovoltaic (PV) energy systems is expanding rapidly in the U.S. Almost 100,000 PV systems have been installed in California alone, more than 90% of which are residential. Some of those “PV homes” have sold, yet little research exists estimating if those homes sold for significantly more than similar non-PV homes. A clearer understanding of these effects might influence the deci...

BACKGROUND Panton-Valentine leucocidin is a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor encoded by lukF-PV and lukS-PV that is infrequent in S aureus bacteremia (SAB), and, therefore, little is known about risk factors and outcome of lukF-PV/lukS-PV-positive SAB. METHODS This report is a register-based nationwide observational cohort study. lukF-PV was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Factor...