Abstract Membrane Computing (MC) is defined as one of the main areas in computer sciences; MC has aim discovering novel computational models from studying biological cells, specifically cellular membranes. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) cascade was subject research modeling and simulation. Various software tools such Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) have been used to solv...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) may be associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to clarify the role of MAPK expression and activation during cerebral vasospasm and to evaluate the therapeutic effect on cerebral vasospasm using an antisense MAPK oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). METHODS Antisense MAPK,...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade consisting of MAPK and its direct activator, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), is essential for signaling of various extracellular stimuli to the nucleus. Upon stimulation, MAPK is translocated to the nucleus, whereas MAPKK stays in the cytoplasm. It has been shown recently that the cytoplasmic localization of MAPKK is determined by its nuclear export sign...

Low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. It has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we have examined the activation of JNK, p38kinase and ERK1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in CGNs. The CGNs were prepared ...

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by diverse stimuli ranging from cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, cellular stress, and cell adherence. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic assembly of MAPK pathways is a three-component module conserved from yeast to humans. The MA...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which is conserved from yeast to humans, is activated in response to a variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli, and plays key roles in multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The MAPK pathway transmits its signal through the sequential phosphorylation of MAPK kinase kinase to MAPK ki...

The molecular clock component Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like protein-1 (BMAL-1) affects various biologic processes, including cell survival, in numerous types. We previously demonstrated that BMAL1 positively regulates proliferation Vascular Smooth Cells (VSMCs). However, its role VSMC inflammation remains unelucidated. Because doxorubicin causes phlebitis associated with vascular inflammation, the...

We have investigated the activity and function of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during neural specification in Xenopus. Ectodermal MAPK activity increased between late blastula and midgastrula stages. At midgastrula, MAPK activity in both newly induced neural ectoderm and ectoderm overexpressing the anterior neural inducer noggin was 5-fold higher than in uninduced ectoderm. Overexpre...

p38 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), that responds primarily to stress stimuli. has number of targets for phosphorylation, including MAPK-activated 2 (MK2). MK2 functions as master regulator RNA-binding proteins, indirectly controlling gene expression at the level translation. The role in regulating synthesis pro-inflammatory cytokines downstream inflammation and cellular well-desc...