In this work we report the synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanostructures of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles. In a solution of thioacetamide and cadmium sulphide, purified MWCNT are added to prepare the CNT/CdS hetrostructure. XRD diagrams, SEM images, and also photoluminescence spectra of the prepared samples are analyzed. SEM images show th...

In this contribution, we report the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles directly conjugated to an enzyme, R-chymotrypsin (CHT) by chemical reduction in aqueous solution. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry confirms the strong conjugation of CdS nanoparticles to CHT through covalent bonding in the CdS-CHT conjugates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (...

In this work we performed a detailed investigation of the photostability of bottom-up produced carbon nanodots (CDs) prepared from citric acid and urea by solvothermal synthesis. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) reveals that the CDs have a hydrodynamic diameter of <1 nm and a very narrow size distribution. In the community it is widely assumed that CDs are photo-stable. In contrast, we foun...

CdS crystallites with rod- and flower-like architectures were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal growth method. The hexagonal crystal structure of CdS dominated the growth mechanisms of the rod- and flower-like crystallites under specific growth conditions, as indicated by structural analyses. The flower-like CdS crystallites had a higher crystal defect density and lower optical band gap v...

The photoelectrochemical properties of nanoheterostructures based on the wide band gap oxide substrates (ZnO, TiO2, In2O3) and CdS nanoparticles deposited by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method have been studied as a function of the CdS deposition cycle number (N). The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) passes through a maximum with the increas...

The photocatalytic production of molecular hydrogen (H2) on ternary composites of Pt, CdS, and sodium trititanate nanotubes (NaxH2-xTi3O7, TNTs) is examined in an aqueous 2-propanol (IPA) solution (typically 5 vol%) at a circum-neutral pH under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The H2 production rates are dependent on the Pt-loading level, and the optimum production rate in the Pt/CdS/TNTs is approxi...

A variety of combinations of CdS, TiO2, and Pt in preparing the hybrid catalysts were studied for hydrogen production under visible light (l > 420 nm) irradiation. The preparation method sensitively influenced the activity of the ternary hybrid catalysts. The formation of the potential gradient at the interface between CdS and TiO2 is necessary in achieving the efficient charge separation and t...

Although the cytoplasm of spermatids is removed at the end of spermiogenesis, a tiny portion is usually retained in the sperm flagellum, which is termed the cytoplasmic droplet (CD) in mammals. CDs are believed to play a role in sperm volume adaptation. However, we have noticed that epididymal spermatozoa that display initial (flagellation in situ) and progressive motility mostly possess CDs, w...

OBJECTIVES To develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess caregiver burden in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS A self-administered, multidimensional instrument--Caregiver Difficulties Scale (CDS)--was developed using a combined qualitative-quantitative approach. Items for the preliminary draft were selected from existing caregiver assessment instruments by consen...