Time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of the cytochrome P450 (P450) family of enzymes is usually studied in human liver microsomes (HLM) by investigating whether the inhibitory potency is increased with increased incubation times. The presented work was initiated after a discrepancy was observed for the TDI of an important P450 enzyme, CYP3A4, during early studies of the investigational drug compound...

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a recognized chemical asthmogen, yet the mechanism of this toxicity and the molecular reactions involved have not been elucidated. We have previously shown that TDI vapor forms adducts with the apical surface of the respiratory epithelium, and that it colocalizes with ciliary tubulin. In vitro, we have shown rapid reaction of TDI with glutathione (GSH) and transfer...

OBJECTIVES This retrospective study was performed to provide data on ventricular tachycardias (VT) with a cycle length longer than the initially programmed tachycardia detection interval (TDI) in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). BACKGROUND It has been clinical practice to program a safety margin of 30 to 60 ms between the slowest spontaneous or inducible VT and th...

BACKGROUND While the importance of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 as a central mediator of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) has been described in allergic protein-induced asthma, this has never been investigated in chemical-induced asthma. OBJECTIVE We examined the importance of IL-13 in a mouse model of chemical-induced AHR, using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). METHODS In a first set-up, wild type (W...

introduction: the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of traumatic dental injuries (tdi) in school children of the northeast of iran. the type of involved teeth, the place of injury and treatment quality as well as the relationship between tdi and anatomic predisposing factors such as overjet and lip coverage were evaluated. methods and materials: a to...

Let A be a rational (m x n)-matrix and b be a rational m-vector. The linear system Ax< b is said to be totally dual integral (TDI) if for all integer n-vectors c, the linear program min{b’v: A’y= c; yr 0} has an integer-valued optimum solution if it has an optimum solution. The contents of this paper can be divided into three parts: First of all an attempt is made to characterize special classe...

A new plant manufacturing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of TDI vapor inhalation on respiratory health in a group of exposed workers who have been studied prior to the start of plant operation. In order to establish dose-response relationships and determine host factors, complete biologic monitoring, including pulmonary function and immun...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The cut-off value of diastolic dysfunction by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is affected by aging and modalities used (pulsed-wave vs. color-coded). The purpose of this study was to investigate the diastolic function of healthy elderly people and to determine the appropriate cut-off value of diastolic dysfunction in elderly individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Healthy vol...

The myocardial performance index (Tei index) determined by the pulsed Doppler is a simple and noninvasive measurement for assessing global left ventricular (LV) function. This index can also be obtained by tissue Doppler imaging (Tei-TDI). The purpose of our study was to assess the relationship between Tei-TDI and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels in patients with dilat...

Long-term change in nonspecific and specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness was studied in 16 subjects with asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI). A significant positive correlation between months of follow-up and provocative dose inducing a 20 percent fall in FEV1 (PD20FEV1) methacholine was observed in 5 of 16 subjects. In 4 of these 5 subjects, a PD20FEV1 > 1 mg of methacholine was obs...