A basic problem that arises often in the design and analysis of randomized algorithms is to get a good estimate (upper bound, lower bound, or both) of Pr( ∨ i∈[m]Ei), for some given events Ei. Equivalently, a good lower bound, upper bound or both, is required for Pr( ∧ i∈[m]Ei). As we have seen, one approach would be to use the union bound (“counting sieve”), which is unfortunately quite weak i...

Let R be a commutative ring with identity. An ideal I in R is called a multiplication ideal if every ideal contained in I is a multiple of I. Ohm's properties for nitely generated ideals in Pr ufer domains are investigated by Gilmer. These properties are generalized by Naoum and studied for nitely generated multiplication ideals. The purpose of this work is to generalize the results of Gilmer a...

There are many indices for measuring property rights (PR) security. They may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. Most of the proxies are subjective. One contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to PR protection. Calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...

  Background and Objectives: The most prevalent malignancy among women is known to be breast cancer (BC). Several factors contribute to determining tumor prognosis and treatment strategies. In this study, the frequency and relevance of these factors are discussed. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 214 patients with BC, who referred to the Cancer Institute of...

Background: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common papulosquamousskin disorder that is suspected to have an infectious etiology.We aimed to study the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) inthe pathogenesis of PR.Method: We used immunohistochemical (IHC) assays to detectHHV-6 in patients with PR. Fifty-one patients with PR and 35 ageand sex matched healthy control samples were enrolled in thestudy. Th...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...