Estimating ground surface PM2.5 with fine spatiotemporal resolution is a critical technique 17 for exposure assessments in epidemiological studies of its health risks. Previous studies have 18 utilized monitoring, satellite remote sensing or air quality modeling data to evaluate the 19 spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 concentrations, but such studies rarely combined these data 20 simultaneous...

Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NOx, 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement i...

A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system) currently estimates non-methane volat...

Abstract. Vehicle emissions have become a major source of air pollution in urban areas, especially for near-road environments, where the characteristics are difficult to capture by single-scale quality model due complex composition underlying surface. Here we developed hybrid CMAQ-RLINE_URBAN quantitatively analyze effects vehicle on roadside NO2 concentrations at high spatial resolution 50 m ×...

Mathematics anxiety (MA) has primarily been studied in adults and children over 8 years of age English-speaking countries. Few studies have examined MA younger Spanish-speaking contexts due to the lack suitable instruments. In present study we examine psychometric properties Child Anxiety Questionnaire (CMAQ-R), an instrument widely used primary school children. A total 810 Chilean second-grade...

Quantile functions are important in characterizing the entire probability distribution of a random variable, especially when the tail of a skewed distribution is of interest. This article introduces new quantile function estimators for spatial and temporal data with a fused adaptive Lasso penalty to accommodate the dependence in space and time. This method penalizes the difference among neighbo...

An integrated approach to modeling atmospheric chemistry with trace gas data assimilation is a relatively new focus of the atmospheric chemistry modeling community. It is expected that the predictive capability of CTMs can be significantly improved by assimilating measurements of key trace gases from satellite-based platforms and surface monitors. Ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) method...

This paper is Part II in a pair of papers that examines the results of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 (v4.5) and discusses the potential explanations for the model performance characteristics seen. The focus of this paper is on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical composition. Improvements made to the dry deposition velocity and cloud treatment in CMAQ...