This paper investigates construction and approximation properties of the locally divergence-free (LDF) finite elements. Numerical stability of the natural and normalized bases for the LDF elements is analyzed. Error estimates about the jumps and the total divergence of the localized L2-projection are proved and validated through numerical examples.

BACKGROUND Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) can reliably reflect brain perfusion in experimental stroke by monitoring both the degree and the duration of relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Variation in rCBF was continuously monitored in 68 mice undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 25 mice undergoing sham-operation and documented as LDF (%). Transcranial LDF changes in ...

The effects of i.p. versus i.v. glucose administration on laser Doppler flow (LDF) were studied in peripheral tissue areas of murine FSalI tumors implanted s.c. in the hind foot dorsum and in normal skin of conscious C3Hf/Sed mice. LDF was monitored prior to and continuously for 90 min following the administration of glucose, galactose, or mannitol at doses of 5 or 10 mg/g. Results showed that ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the hydrogen clearance technique (HCT) with two different, well-established techniques, i.e., the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO), for tissue blood flow measurements in an experimental setting. For the animal experiments, we chose a rat model for arterial and venous flap thrombosis, using the epig...

We have isolated and characterised A-IV apolipoprotein (apo-A-IV) from human lymph and plasma by immunoabsorbance chromatography and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two different apo-A-IV-containing lipoproteins were isolated from four different sources, human lymph triglyceride-rich fraction (TRL), lymph lipoprotein-deficient fraction (LDF), plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and plasma l...

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) signal responses have been compared with metabolic changes using both a surface macroprobe and randomly placed implantable microprobes in muscles of the constant-flow-perfused rat hindlimb. Changes in response to total flow and to vasoconstrictors that are known to increase (norepinephrine, NE) or decrease (serotonin, 5-HT) hindlimb oxygen uptake were assessed. The...

BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2) on treating periodontal intra-bony defects, compared to the control (carrier alone). METHODS Electronic and hand searches were performed to identify eligible studies. The weighed mean differences of linear defect fill (LDF...

PURPOSE A new noninvasive laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) probe (one emitting fiber surrounded by a ring of eight collecting fibers, 1-mm interaxis distance) was tested for its sensitivity to assess the retinal/choroidal blood flow variations in response to hypercapnia, hyperoxia, diverse vasoactive agents and following retinal arteries photocoagulation in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS After p...

Laser-Doppler flowmetry has been widely used to trace hemodynamic changes in experimental stroke research. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the day-to-day test-retest reproducibility of measuring cerebral blood flow by LDF in awake mice. The flux indicating cerebral blood flow (CBF), red blood cell (RBC) velocity, and RBC concentration were measured with LDF via cranial windows ...