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Background There are few rigorous methods for combining qualitative and quantitative findings from studies with complex interventions using multiple research methods and giving appropriate weight to each without introducing bias to the overall conclusions. We developed a Method for Aggregating The Reporting of Interventions in Complex Studies (MATRICS) for the ENIGMA study (Evaluating Innovatio...

The Enigma is probably the most well known wired wheel cipher machine. The NEMA is a cipher machine developed during World War II by the Swiss Army. It is designed on the same principle as the Enigma but with particular emphasis on overcoming some of its weak features. It was declassified by the Swiss Authorities in 1992. This paper describes its mechanism and the way in which it operates, so t...

Several previously unknown models of the Enigma machine have recently been discovered through archive research and inspection of machines in museum collections. The present knowledge about these machines, including both use and technical details, is presented. The paper shows that the Enigma was not one machine, but rather a family of machines built upon the principle of wired rotors with a fix...

The aim of this study was to test the role of the visual primary (V1) and the middle temporal area (V5/MT) in the illusory motion perception evoked by the Enigma figure. The Enigma figure induces a visual illusion that is characterized by apparent rotatory motion in the presence of a static figure. By means of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) we show that V5/MT is causally li...

This paper presents the construction of a data source that supports the automatic generation of cryptic crossword clues in a system called ENIGMA. Cryptic crossword clues have two layers of meaning: a surface reading that appears to be a fragment of English prose, and a puzzle reading that the solver must uncover to solve the clue. The content expressed by the clue, and the input to the generat...

The presentation of a brief study of the use of Enigma Machines in Spain, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and later, until their final replacement.