Cognitive radio (CR) increases spectrum efficiency by allowing secondary users (SUs) to dynamically use the idle spectrum owned by primary users (PUs). This paper studies bandwidth allocation of SUs for throughput efficiency. Taking on consideration a scenario of five nodes on which two of them are Primary Users(PUs) and the other three are secondary users (SUs).What amount of bandwidth should ...

We study two important aspects to make dynamic spectrum access work in practice: the admission policy of secondary users (SUs) to achieve a certain degree of quality of service and the management of the interference caused by SUs to primary users (PUs). In order to limit the forced termination probability of SUs, we evaluate the Fractional Guard Channel reservation scheme to give priority to sp...

Cognitive radio (CR) has become a tempting technology that achieves significant improvement in spectrum utilization. To resolve the hidden terminal problem, collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS), which profits from spatial diversity, has been studied intensively in recent years. As CSS is vulnerable to the attacks launched by malicious secondary users (SUs), certain CSS security schemes based on...

INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, majority of diabetes mellitus cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a direct extension from the fact that in 1997, 97 % of all cases of diabetes mellitus are T2DM 1. The oral drugs used for the treatment of T2DM are known as oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). The most frequently prescribed OHAs are SUs. In the Malaysian Statistics on Medicine 2004, SUs makes...

measure the capacity to make abstractions, to learn, and to deal with novel situations. Testing of the visual abilities of the shape understanding system (SUS) is performed based on the visual intelligence tests. In this paper the progressive matrices tests are formulated as tasks given to SUS. These tests require good visual problem solving abilities of the human subject. SUS solves these test...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in health services utilization by users of Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and beneficiaries of Supplemental Health (SH). METHODS A total of 288 adult subjects, residing in Belo Horizonte, who participated in the VIGITEL telephone survey in 2009, composed the sample, whose variables were analyzed according to the classification as users of SUS or ben...

OBJECTIVE Analyze Long Term Care Institutions for Elders (ILPI) organizational social system and its relation to the National Health System (SUS). To identify communication that occurs in the structural couplings between the ILPIs and the SUS and to analyze resonances of the structural coupling between the SUS and the ILPIs. METHOD A descriptive, exploratory qualitative study using the functi...

The energy-efficient transmissions for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) networks in which the secondary unlicensed users coexist with the primary licensed users. To optimize the time allocations and beam forming vectors for the secondary users (SUs), in order to minimize the energy consumption of the SUs while satisfying the SUs rate requirements and the primary receiv...

BACKGROUND Surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) has become an extension of the physical examination in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules. Amid concerns that too many "diagnostic" thyroidectomies are performed, this study examines the usefulness of SUS in predicting benign thyroid nodules. METHODS A retrospective review of 624 patients with solitary or dominant thyroid nodules and ...