BACKGROUND The laryngeal framework provides a natural barrier preventing tumour spread to extralaryngeal structures. Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may violate these boundaries, altering the pathways of tumor spread for potential recurrences. Our project objective is to describe laryngeal SCC recurrence patterns and overall survival in patients re...

The aim of this study is to find ways of improving target language modeling (TLM) applied to statistical machine translation (SMT). We describe current research activities dedicated to TLM improvement that are applied to the 2007 n-gram-based statistical machine translation system developed in the TALP Research Center at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). We consider two new language ...

Microsurgery techniques are useful innovations towards minimizing the insult of canal stenosis. Here, we describe the trumpet laminectomy microdecompression (TLM) technique, advantages and disadvantages. Sixty-two TLM patients with lumbar disc herniation, facet hypertrophy or yellow ligament or intracanal granulation tissue. The symptoms are low back pain, dysesthesia and severe pain on both le...

PURPOSE Tinnitus is a very common symptom of vestibular schwannoma, present in 45 to 80% of patients. We evaluated changes in tinnitus after translabyrinthine microsurgery (TLM) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 78 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent TLM or GKS at Severance Hospital from 2009-2012, 46 patients with pre- or postoperative tinnitus who ...

The purposes of this study were to examine age and gender differences in knee extensor strength, power, and fatigue using open- and closed-chain testing procedures. We tested the hypothesis that specific strength (strength/unit muscle mass) would not differ by age, whereas age differences in specific power and fatigue would remain consequent to blunted maximal contractile velocity. Skeletal mus...

In this paper, The optimized 2D-TLM as been introduced and applied to rectangular waveguides which is widely used. Results obtained by using optimized 2D-TLM were compared with analytic results and shown to be accurate.

BACKGROUND The impact of transoral endoscopic CO(2) laser microsurgery (TLM) for the treatment of Tis, T1, and T2 glottic cancer on local disease control, survival, and laryngeal preservation was investigated. METHODS From October 1999 to February 2008, 48 patients with a previously untreated early laryngeal malignant tumor who had been treated with TLM were enrolled in this study. Overall su...

Concentration of a nonfluorescent solution was determined in a 100-nm scale channel using a differential interference contrast thermal lens microscope (DIC-TLM). The DIC-TLM detects a refractive index change induced by sample heating as phase contrast. Concentration measurement was first performed in a nanochannel which is 21 m wide and 500 nm deep. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.4 M and th...

The transmission line method (TLM) is a very efficient method for dynamic modelling of flow in pipelines, and uses delay elements to represent wave propagation. In this paper an existing TLM model is investigated and shown to have some deficiencies. Some adjustments are proposed to avoid these deficiencies and enhance the transient and steady state accuracy. Very good agreement is obtained betw...