the shape of wake behind a wind turbine is normally assumed to have a hat shape for the models used in wind farm layout optimization purposes; however, it is know from experimental tests and numerical simulations that this is not a real assumption. in reality, the results of actual measurements and detailed numerical simulation show that the velocity in wake region has a s-shape profile. the pr...

My favourite Simon Armitage poem, ‘Homecoming’, begins, ‘Think, two things on their own and both at once’, tells, in brief, through juxtapositions of imagery, the story a subject, ‘you’, l...

background & aim : mother-infant separation is one of the main causes of sleep-wake states disorders in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of in-arms-holding by mothers on sleep-wake states disorders of preterm neonates. methods & materials : in a pilot study, through a semi-experimental pretest-posttest method, 35 preterm neonates wit...

An extensive experimental study is conducted to examine effects of different winglet-shapes and orientations on the vortex behind a wing, static surface pressure over the wing, and wing wake of a swept wing at various angles of attack. Four types of winglets, spiroid (forward and aft), blended, and winggrid are used in this investigation. Wing static surface pressure measurements are obtained f...

A square splittered and unsplittered rod is placed in a turbulent boundary layer developed over a flat plate. The effect of the resulting disturbances on the local heat transfer coefficient is then studied. In both cases the square rod modifies the flow structure inside the boundary layer. As a result, a stagnation point, a jet and wake area are generated around the square rod, each making a co...

A wake model for the free-streamline theory is proposed to treat the two-dimensional flow past an obstacle with a wake or cavity formation. In this model the wake flow is approximately described in the large by an equivalent potential flow such that along the wake boundary the pressure first assumes a prescribed constant under-pressure in a region downstream of the separation points (called the...