The NH2 terminus of the F1 subunit of the paramyxovirus SV5 fusion protein (fusion related external domain; FRED) is a hydrophobic domain that is implicated as being involved in mediating membrane fusion. We have examined the ability of the FRED to function as a combined signal/anchor domain by substituting it for the natural NH2-terminal signal/anchor domain of a model type II integral membran...

It has been reported that sodium fluoride (NaF) suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of chondrocytes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effect have not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of the effects of NaF on primary cultured rat chondrocytes in vitro. Chondrocytes were treated with NaF at concentrations of 0, 1....

Fluoride has toxic potential particularly for teeth, bones, and kidney. This study was aimed to investigate the NaF exposure effects on the growth of ameloblasts and kidney proximal tubular cells. Adult male healthy rats were used as experiment models, divided into control and NaF-induced groups. The expression of amelogenin, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were significantly different in the control and ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to verify the anticariogenic effect of acidulate solutions with low NaF concentration, using pH-cycling model and bovine enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enamel blocks were submitted to the surface microhardness (SMH) test and randomly divided in 12 experimental and one placebo groups. The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 7 days, with daily applications...

To assess effects of sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in the testes, 96 sexually mature male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of twenty-four rats each. One group of rats was left untreated as controls, and the other three groups were administered, respectively, for eight consecutive weeks, 100 mg NaF/L (45 mg F–/L) in their drinki...

PURPOSE Novel biomarkers would facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer. The Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) and Tn antigens are aberrantly glycosylated carbohydrate cancer-associated antigens found in approximately 80% of adenocarcinomas. Both TF and Tn are expressed on cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is concentrated in secreted proteins and li...

Preliminary evidence has associated testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with breast cancer. Our objective was to determine whether a) testosterone levels in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), serum, or breast tissue are associated with breast cancer; b) testosterone levels in serum are associated with levels in NAF; c) PSA in NAF, serum, or breast tissue is associated with breast cancer;...

This study reports the protective effects of selenium on fluoride induced alterations in the activities of pro-oxidative (xanthine oxidase (XOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO) free radical scavenging, [catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione) and metabolic (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alanine ...

Transmural potential difference (PD) was measured in vivo under continuous perfusion of the rat stomach. Lumina! NaF (5 mM) perfusion elicited a net temporal decrease of PD, whereas lower NaF concentrations (1 and 2 mM) had no effect. The fall of PD induced by 5 mM NaF was abolished at pH 8.4 and was enhanced (161%) at pH 3.2. Compared to NaF alone, the decrease of PD induced by the simultaneou...

The aim of this paper was to describe the in vitro effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the specific activity of the major erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, as well as on the membrane malondialdehyde concentration, as indicators of oxidative stress. For this purpose, human erythrocytes were incubated with NaF (0, 7, 28, 56, and 100 μg/mL) or NaF (100 μg/mL) + vitamin E (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL). Th...