Recommender systems evaluate and filter the great amount of information available on the Web to assist people in their search processes. A fuzzy evaluation method of Standard Generalized Markup Language documents based on computing with words is presented. Given a document type definition (DTD), we consider that its elements are not equally informative. This is indicated in the DTD by defining ...

A two-dimensional bio®lm model was developed based on the concept of cellular automata. Three simple, generic processes were included in the model: cell growth, internal and external mass transport and cell detachment (erosion). The model generated a diverse range of bio®lm morphologies (from dense layers to open, mushroom-like forms) similar to those observed in real bio®lm systems. Bulk nutri...

Three experiments examined the effects of unconsciously presented picture primes on semantic categorization and naming responses to both word and picture targets. Picture naming and word categorization responses to targets were faster and more accurate when the picture primes belonged to the same semantic category as the targets, so called priming effect. No priming was found when subjects perf...

The range searching problem is a fundamental problem in computational geometry, with numerous important applications. Most research has focused on solving this problem exactly, but lower bounds show that if linear space is assumed, the problem cannot be solved in polylogarithmic time, except for the case of orthogonal ranges. In this paper we show that if one is willing to allow approximate ran...

Our study is based on the traditional Becker-Ehrlich deterrence model, but we analyze the model in the face of currently discussed factors of crime like demographic changes, youth unemployment, and income inequality. We use a panel of the German Laender (states) that allows us to exploit different experiences in densely and sparsely populated areas as well as areas in East and West Germany. Our...

TOATES, F. The interaction of cognitive and stimulus–response processes in the control of behaviour. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(1) 59–83, 1998.—It is argued that both stimulus–response (S–R) and cognitive theories of learning and behaviour capture part of the truth, in that these terms involve two different types of process that are jointly responsible for the control of behaviour. The proposal t...

The Multinomial Logit, discrete choice model of transport demand, has several restrictions when compared with the more general Multinomial Probit model. The most famous of these are that unobservable components of utilities should be mutually independent and homoskedastic. Correlation can be accommodated to a certain extent by the Hierarchical Logit model, but the problem of heteroskedasticity ...

To address some of the uncertainties inherent in large-scale models, two very different urban models, an advanced travel demand model and an integrated land use and transportation model, are applied to evaluate land use, transit, and auto pricing policies in the Sacramento, CA (US), region. The empirical and modeling literature is reviewed to identify effective land use, transit, and pricing po...

Most of the real-time applications involve connection establishment in point-to-point (unicast) communication in computer networks that can be modelled as a problem of resource allocation and resource sharing. These applications have different streams, such as video, voice, graphics, etc., each having different arrival rates. A stream (call) will be admitted into the network only if the network...

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. Future tests of EEP will search for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests ...