A novel cyclization reaction of ethenetricarboxylate derivative aromatic compounds in the presence of various Lewis acids gave benzo-annulated cyclic compounds such as oxindole and benzofuran derivatives via Friedel-Crafts intramolecular Michael addition in high yields. For example, the reaction of diethyl 2-[(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)methylene]malonate (1a) in the presence of ZnCl2 at room t...

objective(s) phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (pap) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to yield pi and  diacylglycerol. two different forms of pap in rat hepatocyte have been reported. pap1 is located in cytosolic and microsomal fractions and participates in the synthesis of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas the other form of phosphatid...

background: this study aimed at determining the appropriate method for dewatering and drying biomass and selecting a suitable organic solvent for lipid extraction. methods: nannochloropsis oculata was cultured in gillard f/2 medium and after reaching the end of the stationary growth phase, algal biomass was separated from aqueous by centrifuge and dried through three methods: oven, air-dried an...

N-sulfonic acid pyridinium -4-carboxylic acid chloride {[Pyridine-N-SO3H-4-COOH]Cl} was synthesized, identified and applied as an effective catalyst for the preparation of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d]dipyrimidines by the condensation reaction of various aldehyde with 2-thiobarbituric acid and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions.The structure ofcatalyst was studied...

The photodissociation of benzoin diethyl phosphate (1, “caged” phosphate) was studied by nanosecond and picosecond laser flash photolysis. The lowest triplet state of 1, 31, was identified as the reactive excited state with an absorption maximum around 340 nm and a lifetime of 10-25 ns, depending on the solvent. Two different reaction paths were identified, both of which involve the release of ...