Available online 25 September 2010 We examine the causes and consequences of falsified financial statements in China. Using bivariate probit regression analysis, we find that firms with high debt and that plan to make equity issues are more likely to manipulate their earnings and thus have to restate their financial reports in subsequent years. We also find that corporate governance structures ...

This article empirically examines the labour market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational family links. Elderly relatives may play an important role in explaining the work patterns of women. First, they discourage the work participation of women by requiring unpaid help; secondly, they also provide household services such as child care, favouring...

In Italy the participation of women has not increased very much in the last few decades relative to other developed countries and it is still among the lowest in Europe. The female employment rate stands almost 13 percentage points below the EU average and 22 below the Lisbon target. One of the most important reasons is related to the characteristics of child care system. In this paper we analy...

The probability of working children and adolescents aged between 5 and 17 years experiencing work-related injury was estimated using the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD – Pesquisa Nacional de Amostras por Domićılio) for 2001. Due to the endogenous nature of the “use of personal protective equipment” variable that appears on the right-hand side of the “work-related injury” equation, a rec...

Empirical evidence has been accumulating suggesting that victims and offenders share common risk factors and are often one and the same. Guided by this extant literature, this study provides a longitudinal examination of the relationship between physical aggression and violent victimization among a large sample of 2,671 urban minority youth and young adults from Chicago. The results from a seri...

Low use of chemical inputs has been cited as a major factor limiting productivity growth of agriculture in most of sub-Saharan Africa. A wide range of variables in ̄uence adoption of such input. It is important to understand the role of these factors to ensure the development and implementation of more e€ective programs to promote agricultural input use. This study examines the e€ect of socio-ec...

Do the results change substantially when the restriction is imposed? Does the estimate of ρ change? The hypothesis of interest is H0: β1 = β2. You can test this hypothesis using these models with a likelihood ratio test. Compute twice the difference in the log likelihoods. What are the degrees of freedom for the test? What is the 95% critical value from the chi squared table? (It is also possib...

We propose a new adaptive procedure for dose-finding in clinical trials with combination of two drugs when both efficacy and toxicity responses are available. We model the distribution of this bivariate binary endpoint using the bivariate probit model. The analytic formulae for the Fisher information matrix are obtained, that form the basis for derivation of the locally optimal, minimax, Bayesi...