A k-rainbow path in a graph with colored edges is a path of length k where each edge has a different color. In this note, we settle the problem of obtaining a constructive k-coloring of the edges of Kn in which one may find, between any pair of vertices, a large number of internally disjoint krainbow paths. In fact, our construction obtains the largest possible number of paths. This problem was...

A new approach to indexing a specialized database by utilizing the color and spatial domain knowledge available for the database is described. This approach is illustrated by using it to provide a solution to the problem of indexing images of flowers for searching a flower patents database by color. The flower region is isolated from the background by using an automatic iterative segmentation a...

Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process with sequence of genetic events governing the phenotypic expression of a series of transformation steps leading to the development of metastatic cancer. In the present study, immortalized human bronchial (BEP2D) and breast (MCF-1 OF) cells were irradiated with graded doses of either 150 keV/ktm alpha particles or 1 GeV/nucleon SrFe ions. Transformed cells...

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer outstanding questions concerning the main objectives of the mission. To accomplish the very demanding objectives, ROSINA will have unprecedented capabilities, including: very wide mass range from 1 amu to >300 amu; very high mass resolution (ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH); very wide dynamic rang...

Although lightning has not been observed in Titan's atmosphere, the presence of methane rain in the troposphere suggests the possibility of electrical activity in the form of corona and/or lightning discharges. Here we examine the chemical effects of these electrical processes on a Titan simulated atmosphere composed of CH4 in N2 at various mixing ratios. Corona discharges were simulated in two...

The structure of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the GEOS-2 General Circulation Model (GCM) is discussed. The emphasis of this study is on the reality of monthly-mean temperature and water vapor distributions in the model, compared to reasonable observational estimates. It is shown that although the zonal-mean temperature is in good agreement with observations, the GCM ...

The activity of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can be regulated independently of an increase in Ca(2+) by the phosphorylation of Ser(1177) but results only in a low nitric oxide (NO) output. In the present study, we assessed whether the agonist-induced (Ca(2+)-dependent, high-output) activation of eNOS is associated with changes in the phosphorylation of Thr(495) in the calmodulin...

Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-cancer properties. Beneficial cardiovascular effects such as increased nitric oxide (NO) production through enhancement of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and upregulation of eNOS expression have been demonstrated for this compound. In the present study, immortalized human EA...

A fundamental aspect of acute renal ischemia is energy depletion, manifest as a falling level of ATP that is associated with a simultaneous rise in AMP. The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by a rising AMP-to-ATP ratio, but its role in acute renal ischemia is unknown. AMPK is activated in the ischemic heart and is reported to phosphorylate both endothelial nitric o...

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is activated by phosphorylation of serine 1177 by the protein kinase Akt/PKB. Since hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction increases O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification and decreases O-linked phosphorylation of the transcription factor Sp1, the effect of hyperglycemia and the hexosamine pathway on eNOS was evaluated. In bovin...