Excess waveguide bend loss can be minimized through the use of offsets and air trenches. Offsets, used for reducing the junction loss between straight and curved waveguides, and air trenches, which prevent bend radiation loss, were simulated by a three-dimensional, semivectorial beam propagation method. Low loss polymer waveguide bend structures, employing both offsets and trenches, were fabric...

We synthesized a liquid crystal dimer and trimer, which exhibit the twist-bend liquid crystal phase, and characterized their microscopic and nanoscopic properties to identify distinctions in the nature of their respective twist-bend phases. On the microscopic scale, the twist-bend phases formed of each oligomer appear essentially identical. However, while the liquid crystal dimer exhibits a tem...

The present study deals with the fundamentals of vortex evolution and merging across a 180° sharp bend for laminar inflow (Re = 800). A three-dimensional flow pressure distribution are analyzed by using particle image velocimetry measurements. results show that sudden redirection adverse gradient create recirculation region in vicinity divider wall. vorticity turbulent kinetic energy highlight ...