In this article, we study the prehistory of type theory up to 1910 and its development betweenRussell andWhitehead’sPrincipiaMathematica ([71], 1910–1912) andChurch’s simply typed ë-calculus of 1940. We first argue that the concept of types has always been present in mathematics, though nobody was incorporating them explicitly as such, before the end of the 19th century. Then we proceed by desc...

This paper models partisanship and nonpartisanship as alternative norms or conventions of behavior. Evolutionary game theoretic techniques are used to analyze the selection of partisanship or nonpartisanship by a population interacting over time. Equilibrium selection in the model is driven by the varying observability of partisan behavior introduced by electoral institutions, coupled with the ...

The microleafhopper genus Empoasca Walsh, 1862 from Bangladesh is revised herein. With the existing species E. vitis (Göthe, 1875), another three viz. kerri Singh-Pruthi, 1940, motti 1940 and onukii Matsuda, 1952 are described reported first time Bangladesh. Diagnostic descriptions, illustrations a key to provided. J. Zool. 51(1): 47-54, 2023

What forces shape corporation law? The basic framework that produces corporation law in the United States is readily apparent. Under the United States’ system of corporate law federalism, each state has the power to make its own laws concerning how corporations are to be governed, and a corporation may then select which state’s law will regulate its internal affairs by incorporating in that sta...

New Zealand has perhaps been the most interesting social laboratory of the "white" Dominions-those settlements where European colonists quickly outnumbered the indigenous peoples. For a time from 1938 until the "great dismantling" of the 1980s, New Zealand possessed the most comprehensive welfare state in the Anglophone world. It boasted the world's lowest (white) infant and maternal mortality ...

This biographical sketch on Ernest Amory Codman corresponds to the historic text, The Classic: The Registry of Bone Sarcomas as an Example of the End-Result Idea in Hospital Organization, available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1048-7 and The Classic: Registry of Bone Sarcoma: Part I.-Twenty-Five Criteria for Establishing the Diagnosis of Osteogenic Sarcoma. Part II.-Thirteen Registered Cases of "F...

Alex passed away on April 15 from complications due to esophageal cancer with metastasis to the lung and liver. He was 76 years old. Alex Turner earned a PhD from the University of Oklahoma and began his career in medical physics with his entry as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital in the early 1970s. His contemporaries include Bernie Hranitzky, Walter Grant,...