Many empirical sciences have developed formal methods of combining information across independent research studies, an enterprise with a long history that was named "meta-analysis" (Hedges 1992; National Research Council 1992). When the question to be addressed is a narrow scientific one, the standard methods of metaanalysis provide adequate tools for combining the evidence. These are discussed...

In this paper, the problem of inverting regular matrices with arbitrarily large condition number is treated in double precision defined by IEEE 754 floating point standard. In about 1984, Rump derived a method for inverting arbitrarily ill-conditioned matrices. The method requires the possibility to calculate a dot product in higher precision. Rump’s method is of theoretical interest. Rump made...

Kingdon's multiple streams approach has recently been applied to study implementation across sectors or levels of government. Building on these contributions, we suggest that two streams are especially important in shaping implementation: organizational problem constructions, and political pressure from the centre. These variables produce a four-way typology of implementation modes. We test the...

this paper presents an efficient mechanism to convert sana’ani dialect to modern standard arabic. the mechanism is based on morphological rules related to sana’ani dialect as well as modern standard arabic. such rules facilitate the dialect conversion to its corresponding msa. the mechanism tokenizes the input dialect text and divides each token into stem and its affixes; such affixes can be ca...

Introduction Almost 20 percent of the people in the work force are union members. Just in terms of numbers, trade unions are an important influence in the labor market and in the U.S. economy. Further, unions are widely believed to play a major role in determining workers' standard of living and how work is done and in affecting firms' profitability. Freeman and Medoff (1984) recently presented...

In dynamical systems theory, a standard method for passing from discrete time to continuous time is to construct the suspension flow under a roof function. In this paper, we give conditions under which statistical laws, such as the central limit theorem and almost sure invariance principle, for the underlying discrete time system are inherited by the suspension flow. As a consequence, we give a...